发展心理学11章情绪.pptVIP

In one study,twelve-month-olds were placed on the visual cliff(视崖)： Happy expression→74% Fear expression→0% Interactive Synchrony(Page362) 相互作用同步：Reciprocal mutually engaging cycles of caregiver-child behaviors. Depressed mothers tend to have children with poorer-quality attachments. The child may bring this general affective tone to new situations: Happy child→curiosity Anxious child→frightening Later Emotional Development(Page363) Complex emotion:Emotion such as guilt and envy that appears later in childhood and requires more complex cognitive and social skills. Two-year-olds→Jealousy Fear→Changes as a response to more complex events. Understanding Emotions(Page364) Children begin to use language to describe feeling states instead of just crying or making some other facial display. They experience two contrasting emotions at the same time.(gift) Younger Children→feel the situation they are(I am happy when its my birthday). Preadolescents and adolescents→mental states(I am happy when I feel good inside). Regulating Emotions(Page365) Childrens ability to control their emotions may have important consequences for the quality of social relationships with peers. Mask or fake an emotional state→understand cultural rules or obtain certain goals. Display Rules:Cultural guidelines concerning when,how and to what degree to display emotions. EMOTIONS DURING ADOLESCENCE(Page367) Adolescence is a unique phase in emotional development→extreme moodiness;storm and stress;vulnerable. Adolescent Depression→negtive emotions associated with a number of negtive life events(change school;break up;parents). 35%→experience depressed mood 7%→clinical depression Girls(linked to self-concept)higer rates than Boys(linked to acting-out behavior). Variations in Emotional Development(Page368) Temperament:Stable,early appearing constellation individual personality attributes believed to have a hereditary basis,includes sociability,emotionality and activility level. Th