冠词讲义.doc

冠词 分类：定冠词the，不定冠词a/an. 特指与泛指 a,an表示一个或一类，接可数名词单数 ([C]si.)。如： A horse is enough.(表数量) 或 A horse is a useful animal.(强调个体) the表示一类，与[C]si.连用。如： The horse is a useful animal.(强调全体) 零冠词，即不使用冠词。直接用不可数名词([U])或可数名词复数([C]pl.)表示。 Horses are useful animals. Water is a liquid. 表示特指全部用定冠词the。 The water in this well is sweet. The horse tied to the tree belongs to Mr Smith. The horses under the tree are Jack’s. 不定冠词的用法 1.泛指任何一类人、动物或事物 An ocean is bigger than a sea. A car must be insured. 2.表示某个人或物 There is a Mr Bush to see you.。 English is a useful tool in our communication. 3.用在某些数字表示的短语中 a million years a score of people a dozen eggs a thousand people 4.用在价格、速度、比率等短语中 5 pence a dozen 60 kilometers an hour twice an hour forty hours a week 5.表示同样 They are of an age. 6.表数量，相当于one，但语意较弱 Rome wasn’t built in a day. There is a pen and two books on the desk. 7.抽象名词具体时 The little girl is a help to her mother. It’s an honor to be invited to the party. His performance is a great success. 8.某些一般使用零冠词的名词前加入修饰语时 China hopes to see a peaceful and friendly world in the 21st century. This happened on a rainy Sunday towards the end of May. 9.用于固定搭配 as a matter of fact ， in a hurry， in a word 定冠词的用法 1.表示上文提到过的人或事物。 I have bought a book. The book is very useful. 2.用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。 Close the window, please. 3.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。 the sun the moon the earth the world 4.用于表示方位的名词之前。 the east the right 5.用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。 the first the tallest 6.用于形容词之前，使其名词化。 the sick the wounded 7.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。 the United States the United Nations 8.用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。 the Changjiang River, the East Lake, the Niagara Falls 9.用于复数姓氏之前，表示夫妇或全家。 the Smiths 10.用于乐器的名词前。 play the piano play the violin 11.用于某项发明物单数前。 The compass was invented in China 2000 years ago. 12.年代名词前。 He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. 13.固定词组中。 in the morning(afternoon/evening), on the other hand , at the same time 零冠词（不使用冠词的情况） 1. 零冠词用于抽象名词前 Misfortunes never come singly. Wisdom is better than str