3虚拟语气.doc

第三节?虚拟语气?? 一、虚拟式用于非真实条件句时的构成? 　?? If 从句 主句 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式（be为were） Would (should) + 动词原形 与过去事实相反 动词的过去完成式 Would (should、could、might) + have + 动词的过去分词 与将来事实相反 动词的过去式（be为were） Were + 不定式 Should + 动词原形 Would (should、could、might) + 动词原形 If?I?had?time,?I?would?go?to?the?movies?with?you.? If?we?hadn’t?made?adequate?preparations,?the?conference,?wouldn’t?have? been?so?successful.? If?it?were?to?rain?tomorrow,?the?game?would?be?put?off.? [提示]? 1.?在非真实条件句中,?有时从句的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作并不同时发生,这样的条件句中使用的虚似式称为混合虚拟式。其构成视具体情况而定。? If?I?had?taken?my?raincoat?when?I?came?out?this?morning,?I?would?not?be?wet?now.? If?I?were?you,?I?wouldn’t?have?missed?the?film?last?night.? 2.?引导非真实条件从句的连词if在正式文件中有时可以省去,?were,?had,? should等非行为动词这时应提到从句句首。? If?I?were?you,?I?wouldn’t?feel?sorry.? →were?I?you,?I?wouldn’t?feel?sorry.? 3.?有些句子从表层结构上看无if引导的非真实条件句,?但从深层意思上看是存在的。这种情况下主句动词仍需用虚拟式。这类句子中常出现without(如果没有),?but?for(要不是),otherwise(否则),?but?that(若不,?后接一从句)等词或词组。? But?for?your?help,?they?couldn’t?have?succeeded.? 要不是你的帮助,?他们就不会取得成功。? She?wasn’t?felling?well.?otherwise?she?wouldn’t?have?left?the?meeting?so?early.? 她感不舒服。不然她不会那么早就离开会场的。? 二、虚拟式也可用于其他情况? 1.?在it’s?necessary?(important,?natural,?essential,?proposed,?required,? suggested,?impossible,?strange)?that…引导的真正的主语从句中动词应用虚拟式,? 表示必要、应该、建议、要求、惊讶、不相信等意。? it’s?necessary?that?we?(should)?set?out?at?once.? it’s?proposed?that?a?committee?(should)?be?set?up?to?look?into?the?matter.? it’s?only?natural?that?you?should?be?nervous.?你感到紧张是很自然的。? the?dentist?suggested?that?she?(should)?come?another?day.?? it?is?highly?important?that?we?(should)?combine?revolutionary?sweep?with??practicalness.?对我们来说,把革命气概和实际精神结合起来是很重要的。? it?is?impossible?that?he?should?have?missed?the?train.?他不可能误车。? it’s?strange?that?he?should?have?failed?in?the?exam.? 2.?在ask,?require,?order,?demand,?suggest,?propose,?command,?insist?? 等动词后的宾语从句中,?动词也用虚拟式,?表示命令、建议、要求等。? i?suggest?that?we?(should)?go?camping?tomorrow.? he?insisted?that?our?laboratory?reports?(s