高等流体力学 讲义Chap04.pdf

Chapter 04: Potential Flows 1. Stream Functions 2. Potential Functions 3. The Complex Potential 4. Blasius Integral Laws 5. Kutta-Joukowski Theorem 6. Conformal Mappings 7. Joukowski Airfoil 8. Method of Images 9. Doublet Distributions 10. Added Mass C. Wassgren Page 1 of 45 Last Updated: 29 Aug 2003 1. Stream Functions A stream function is a special scalar function that is useful when analyzing 2D, steady flows. As will be shown, the stream function has the following properties: 1. The stream function satisfies the continuity equation. 2. The stream function is a constant along a streamline. 3. The flow rate between two streamlines is equal to the difference in the streamlines’ stream functions. First, let’s define the stream function. Define a scalar function, ψ, called a stream function, such that the continuity equation is automatically satisfied for 2D (planar and axi-symmetric), steady flows. For a steady, 2D, planar, incompressible flow in rectangular coordinates, define ψ=ψ(x , y ) such that: ∂ψ ∂ψ ux and uy − (4.1) ∂y ∂x If the stream function is defined in this manner, then the continuity equation will automatically be satisfied: ∂u ∂u ∂2 ∂2 x y ψ ψ ∇ ⋅ u =+ =− 0 ∂x ∂y ∂x∂y ∂y∂x For a steady, 2D, planar, incompressible flow in polar coordinates, ψ=ψ(r, θ): 1 ∂ψ ∂ψ ur and uθ − (4.2)