飞机设计导论(第四章).ppt

隐身技术 Introduction to Aircraft Design Chapter 4 Why is that shape? Other types 4.1 Military Aircraft Types Military aircraft are mainly used for military operations. Military aircraft types can be divided into several categories, such as fighters, bombers, ground attack aircraft, trainer aircraft, reconnaissance aircraft, military cargo aircraft etc.. Fighters or fighter aircraft are the most popular military aircraft type. 4.1.1 Fighters Fighters have several designations over the years, including pursuit and interceptor aircraft. definitions become blurred between fighters and bombers and ground-attack aircraft. True fighters may be divided into 2 classes. The 1st one is that of relatively simple short range interceptor aircraft, the 2nd class used to be called “all-weather” fighters which tend to have longer range and more avionic equipment. 4.1.1 Fighters Fig. 4.1 shows a plot of combat wing loading against thrust/weight ratio, which is a good indication of the maneuverability of combat a/c. Recent requirements for high agility have moved a/c towards the top left-hand corner where high thrust/weight ratio and low wing loading improve climb, sustained turn performance. Most a/c in this region are short range fighters. 4.1.1 Fighters Short range, high performance interceptor carries the minimum of equipment and maximum speed is always important. However, the rate of climb and maneuverability may be even more important. Due to the fighter’s short range it cannot take off until a target is definitely located, then rapidly climb to interception. Only 1 crew can be carried and acquisition and life cycle costs are reasonably low. Relative simplicity of its equipment, reliability should be high. F-16 is in this category. 4.1.1 Fighters High T/W ratio for combat maneuverability leads to the thought that only a little extra thrust might give vertical take off and landing capability (VTOL). The British Aerospace Harrier, an extremely effective strike/bomber a/c wi