12-动机与工作.pdf

Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 12 Motivation and Work Motivation Motivation a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior Instinct complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned Motivation  Drive-Reduction Theory the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need Need Drive-reducing Drive (e.g., for behaviors (hunger, thirst) food, water) (eating, drinking) Motivation  Homeostasis tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state regulation of any aspect of body chemistry around a particular level  Incentive a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self-actualization needs Need to live up to one’s  begins at the fullest and unique potential base with Esteem needs physiological Need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, needs that must and independence; need for recognition and respect from others first be satisfied Belongingness and love needs  then higher-level Need to love and be loved, to belong and be accepted; need to avoid safety needs