存货的盘存和计价 会计英语.pptVIP

Inventory measurement 存货的盘存和计价 Question： Eggs Last week : ￥5 This week : ￥6 How much for the eggs I ate these two weeks？ Proper income determination depends on the appropriate measurement of all assets；the higher the amounts，the higher the income that will be reported. Because inventories are often relatively large and their size fluctuates，it is important to account correctly for inventories if net incomes to be determined properly. “Talking” an inventory (1)counting the items involved（盘点涉及的所有存货项目） (2)pricing each item（对每一项目计价） (3) summing the amounts（加总金额） Two main types The periodic system（永续盘存制） The perpetual system（定期盘存制） The periodic system The periodic inventory system is used by businesses that sell relatively inexpensive goods. A grocery store without an optical—scanning cash register does not keep a daily running record of every loaf of bread and every can of pineapple that if buys and sells. The cost of record keeping would be overwhelming. Instead, grocers count their inventory periodically—at least once a year—to determine the quantities on hand. The inventory amounts are used to prepare the annual financial statement. Business such as office supply outlets, restaurant, and small department stores also use the periodic inventory system. To them, detailed inventory records in the ledger are not necessary for controlling merchandise and managing day —to—day operations. In small businesses, the owner can visually inspect the goods on hand for control purposes. That system is rapidly decreasing in importance as computers have decreased in price but have greatly increased in processing power. The perpetual system Under the perpetual inventory system, the business maintains a running record of inventory on hand. This system achieves control over expensive goods such as automobiles, jewelry, and furniture. The loss of one item would be significant, and this justifies the cost of a perpetual system. Inventory record keeping is a demanding accounting ta