外文文献翻译、外文翻译、中英文翻译——切削技术和液压.docVIP

附录A CUTTING TECHNOLOGYHYDRALICS 1 Automatic Fixture Design Traditional synchronous grippers for assembly equipment move parts to the gripper centre-line, assuring that the parts will be in a known position after they are picked from a conveyor or nest. However, in some applications, forcing the part to the centre-line may damage either the part or equipment. When the part is delicate and a small collision can result in scrap, when its location is fixed by a machine spindle or mould, or when tolerances are tight, it is preferable to make a gripper comply with the position of the part, rather than the other way around. For these tasks, Zaytran lnc. Of Elyria, Ohio, has created the GPN series of non- synchronous, compliant grippers . Because the force and synchronization systems of the grippers are independent, the synchronization system can be replaced by a precision slide system without affecting gripper force. Gripper size range from 5lb gripping force and 0.2 in. stroke to 4001b gripping force and 6in stroke. Production is characterized by batch-sizes becoming smaller and smaller and greater variety of products. Assembly, being the last production step, is particularly vulnerable to changes in schedules, batch-sizes, and product design. This situation is forcing many companies to put more effort into extensive rationalization and automation of assembly that was previously the case. Although the development of flexible fixtures fell quickly behind the development of flexible handling systems such as industrial robots, there are, nonetheless, promising attempts to increase the flexibility of fixtures. The fact that fixtures a~e the essential product-specific investment of a production system intensifies the economic necessity to make the fixture system more flexible. Fixtures can be divided according to their flexibility into special fixtures, group fixtures modular fixtures and highly flexible fixtures. Flexible fixtures are characterized by their high adaptabil