脑电图（EEG），清醒和睡眠.ppt

Electroencephalogram (EEG)  Brain Waves: State of the Brain Normal brain function involves continuous electrical activity Patterns of neuronal electrical activity recorded are called brain waves Brain waves change with age, sensory stimuli, brain disease, and the chemical state of the body An electroencephalogram (EEG) records this activity EEGs can be used to diagnose and localize brain lesions, tumors, infarcts, infections, abscesses, and epileptic lesions A flat EEG (no electrical activity) is clinical evidence of death Electroencephalogram (EEG) Measures synaptic potentials produced at cell bodies and dendrites. Create electrical currents. Used clinically diagnose epilepsy and brain death. EEG Patterns Alpha: low-amplitude, slow, synchronous waves indicating an “idling” brain Recorded from parietal and occipital regions. Person is awake, relaxed, with eyes closed. 10-12 cycles/sec 50 ~100 ?V. Mechanism of EEG Continuous graph of changing voltage fields at scalp surface resulting from ongoing synaptic activity in underlying cortex Inputs from subcortical structures Thalamus Brainstem reticular formation II Wakefulness and Sleep Sleep Sleep is a behavior and an altered state of consciousness Sleep is associated with an urge to lie down for several hours in a quiet environment Few movement occur during sleep (eye movements) The nature of consciousness is changed during sleep We experience some dreaming during sleep We may recall very little of the mental activity that occurred during sleep We spend about a third of our lives in sleep A basic issue is to understand the function of sleep EEG Sleep Patterns There are two major types of sleep: Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) Rapid eye movement (REM) REM (rapid eye movement): Dreams occur. Low-amplitude, high-frequency oscillations. Similar to wakefulness (beta waves). Non-Rem (resting): High-amplitude, low-frequency waves (delta waves). Types of Sleep One passes through four stages of NREM during the first 30-45 mi