本科毕业论文PID温控系统的设计及仿真.doc

CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY 本科生毕业论文 题 目 学生姓名 指导教师 学 院 专业班级 完成时间 年 月 摘 要 温度是工业控制的主要被控参数之一。可是由于温度自身的一些特点，如惯性大，滞后现象严重，难以建立精确的数学模型等，给控制过程带来了难题。，有很多方案可选。PID控制简单容易实现，在大多数情况下满足性能要求。模糊控制鲁棒性好，无需知道被控对象的数学模型，且在快速性方面有着自己的优势分析了PID控制和模糊控制的优缺点，把相互结合采用用模糊规则整定、两个参数的模糊自整定PID控制方法。用MATLAB软件对PID控制、模糊控制和参数模糊自整定PID控制的控制性能分别进行了仿真研究仿真结果表明对对象模型复杂和模型难以确定的控制系统具有很大的局限性，能满足调节时间短、超调小的技术要求。由于的理论并不完善可能获得的控制性能无法把握而且模糊控制易受模糊规则有限等级的限制而引起稳态误差。参数模糊自整定PID控制满足调节时间短、超调量为零且稳态误差较小的控制要求。因此本论文最终确定采用参数模糊自整定PID控制方案。 关键词：单片机，PID，模糊控制，仿真 ABSTRACT Temperature is one of the main parameters in the industrial process control. Yet there are difficulties to have a good control of temperature because of the characteristics of the temperature itself: the temperature inertia is great, its time-lag is serious and it is hard to establish an accurate mathematical model. There are many methods to be selected in order to control a system. The PID control is simple, easily realized and in most cases it meets the control demand. Fuzzy control has the advantage of quickness, its robustness is good and there is no need to know the object’s mathematical model. This paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of both PID control and fuzzy control and comes to the method of combining them together, fuzzy self-tuning PID control. In this method, and of the PID controller are adjusted by fuzzy control rules．In the paper simulations of PID control, fuzzy control and fuzzy self-tuning PID control are done by MATLABelectric oven. Conclusions are that for those control objects of which models are complicated or hard to establish, the PID method has limitation and doesn’t meet the control demand. As the fuzzy control method theory is not perfect, a good control performance cannot be expected. And it could easily cause the steady-state error for it is restricted by limited grades of the fuzzy rules. Finally the fuzzy self-tuning PID control method is selected, since it meets the control demands. In this paper AT89C52 is u