高中英语 Unit 1 Friendship-Period 3课件 新人教版必修1.ppt

Period 3　Grammar & Writing Ⅰ.定义 直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。 直接引语如果改为间接引语，须在语序、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。 Ⅱ.几个方面的变化 1．句型变化 (1)请观察下列句子： She said，“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.”(课文原句)→She said(that)she didn't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people did. He said，“I saw her last night.”→He said that he had seen her the night before. 归纳总结：如果直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，应将直接引语改为用that引导的宾语从句，而且在不引起歧义时that可以省略。此时语序不变。 (2)请观察下列句子： He said，“Are you ready？”→He asked(us)if we were ready. Mr. Green said to Jane，“Have you finished your homework？”→Mr. Green asked Jane whether she had finished her homework. 归纳总结：如果直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if引导，使其成为宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，也可以加上一个间接宾语me，him，her，us或them等。 (3)请观察下列句子： She said to Tom，“How are you feeling now？”→She asked Tom how he was feeling then. “What will you do on Saturday morning？”my teacher asked me.→My teacher asked me what I would do on Saturday morning. 归纳总结：如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词作为连接词引出间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问语序改为陈述语序。 2．时态的变化 若主句谓语动词为现在时态，则从句的时态不需变化，若主句谓语动词为过去时态，则间接引语从句的时态变为相应的过去某种时态，一般为向前推一个时态。 观察上面的例句不难发现如下规律： 一般现在时→一般过去时 一般过去时→过去完成时 一般将来时→过去将来时 现在进行时→过去进行时 现在完成时→过去完成时 过去完成时→过去完成时 但是直接引语属于下面的情况，变为间接引语时时态不作改变。 (1)主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化。 a．He says，“I'm tired.”→He says that he is tired. b．He will say，“Tom was lazy.”→ He will tell you that Tom was lazy. (2)当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间限制，因此不需要变化时态。 Our geography teacher said to us，“The earth goes round the sun.”→ Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. (3)直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变。 She said，“I was born in 1978”．→She said that she was born in 1978. (4)when，while，since等引导的时间状语从句变为间接引语时，只改变主句的时态，从句的时态不变。 He said，“It is many years since he came to live here.” →He said that it was many years since he came to live there. (5)直接引语中含有某些情态动词时，间接引语可用原来形式，也可用其他情态动词表示，但要注意保持原来的意义。 He said，“You must be very fond of art.” →He said that I must be very fond of art. 3．指示代词、