基于RS485多机通信的软件编程与系统调试.doc

摘 要 小局域网多机通信在如食堂刷卡收费管理系统、汽车加油刷卡系统、电能运输秒表管理系统等领域应用广泛。因此，开展本领域的研究有较好的应用前景。 本文主要采用一种以 PC机作为上位机多台8C51单片机作为下位机上位机位机位位机80C51单片机Abstract Multi-machine communications have a wide range of applications in small local network， such as management system in the canteen for charges of credit card ,in the gas station for refueling, in the transport of energy for stopwatch timing. Therefore,there are good prospects to carry out research in this area .  This article uses pc machine as a host computer and multiple 80C51 single-chips as slave microcomputers to carry out the study of communications between PC and lower machine, as well as lower machines. The article includes an overall designing plan. In the port of the PC, using a S2-485,dedicated RS232/485 converter chip , converts the RS-232 level into the RS-485 level. In the port of 80C51 single-chip, MAX485 will be used to convert TTL level into RS-485 level. In this way ,communications can be achieved between PC and lower machine, as well as lower machines. In the basis of hardware design, the communicational protocol is carried out.In order to achieve the accuracy of the data transmission, the error checking and correction is implemented,as well as the study of reliability . After software programming and program debugging, the system can achieve data transmission between PC machine and single-chip,as well as single-chips. Keywords：PC Machine;ingle-chip; RS-485; Data Transmission; Multi-machine Communication 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 第一章 绪论 1 1.1 引言 1 1.2 研究的背景及意义 1 1.3 论文的主要内容 2 第二章 多机通信基础 3 2.1 数据通信基础 3 2.2 异步串行通信接口标准 5 2.3 通信芯片的介绍 9 第三章 系统方案设计 12 3.1 系统总体设计 12 3.2 系统主要构成部分 12 3.3 系统主从通信的基本条件 14 第四章 系统软件设计与调试 15 4.1 PC机与多个80C51通信原理 15 4.2 通信状态的设置 15 4.3 PC机与多个80C51通信的控制 17 4.4 通信协议 18 4.5 多机发送时的分时说、听 20 4.6 差错控制 22 4.7 系统程序设计 22 4.8 程序调试 29 第五章 系统可靠性分析 33 5.1 串行通信可靠性评测指标 33 5.2 程序跳飞而造成总线冲突 33 5.3 失效保护 34 5.4 通信协议提高通信可靠性 35 5.5 程序抗干扰措施 37 第六章 总结 39 致谢 40 参考文献 41 附录1 PC机通信程序 42 附录2 单片机通信程序 47 附录3 多机通信原理图 49 第一章 绪论