基于单片机超声波测距仪毕业论文.doc

基于单片机超声波测距仪 摘 要 随着科学技术的快速发展，超声波将在科学技术中的应用越来越广。本文对超声波传感器测距的可能性进行了理论分析，利用模拟电子、数字电子、微机接口、超声波换能器、以及超声波在介质的传播特性等知识，采用以AT89C51单片机为核心的低成本、高精度、微型化数字显示超声波测距仪的硬件电路和软件设计方法在此基础上设计了系统的总体方案，最后通过硬件和软件实现了各个功能模块。相关部分附有硬件电路图、程序流程图。为了保证超声波测距传感器的可靠性和稳定性，采取了相应的抗干扰措施。就超声波的传播特性，超声波换能器的工作特性、超声波发射、接收、超声微弱信号放大、波形整形、速度变换、语音提示电路及系统功能软件等做了详细说明。该测距仪最大测量距离是6米，精确度是0.1mm。这套系统软硬件设计合理、抗干扰能力强、实时性良好，经过系统扩展和升级，可以用于倒车雷达、建筑施工工地以及一些工业现场，例如：测量液位、井深、管道长度等场合。可以广泛应用于工业生产、医学检查、日常生活、无人驾驶汽车、自动作业现场的自动引导小车、机器人、液位计等。 关键词: AT89C51，超声波，传感器，LED ABSTRACT Along with the science and technology fast development, the ultrasonic wave more and more will be broad in the science and technology application .This article has carried on the theoretical analysis to the ultrasonic sensor range finder possibility, the use simulation electron, the digital electron, the microcomputer connection, the ultrasonic wave transducer, as well as the ultrasonic wave in medium knowledge and so on dissemination characteristic, uses take AT89C51 monolithic integrated circuit as the core low cost, the high accuracy, the microminiaturized numeral demonstrated the ultrasonic wave distance gauge the hardware electric circuit and the software design method has designed the system overall concept in this foundation, finally has realized each function module through the hardware and the software. The related part attaches the hardware circuit diagram, the program flow diagram. In order to guarantee the ultrasonic ranging sensor the reliability and the stability, have taken the corresponding ant jamming measure. On the ultrasonic wave dissemination characteristic, the ultrasonic wave transducer operational factor, the ultrasonic wave launch, the receive, the supersonic weak signal enlarged, the wave shaping, the speed transformation, the voice prompt electric circuit and the system function software and so on have given the specify. This distance gauge maximum survey distance is 6 meters, the precision is 0.1cm.Proved after the experiment that, this set