基于AVR单片机的无刷直流电机控制器设计.doc

本科毕业设计(论文) 题目：无刷直流电机控制器设计 —软件部分 院 （系）： 电子信息工程学院 专 业： 电气工程及其自动化 班 级： 090414 学 生： 刘 文 涛 学 号： 090414112 指导教师： 吴 杰 2013年 6月 　　　　　　　　　　　 无刷直流电机控制器设计-软件部分 摘 要 本设计采用ATmega128实现对无刷直流电机的控制，其中速度和转矩控制环境部分都采用闭环控制。整个系统主要由电流检测电路、转速和位置检测电路、功率驱动电路、过电流保护电路构成。该设计不仅要实现正、反向旋转时电机的正常调速，而且要在特殊情况下实现对电机的急停操作。无刷直流电机因为具有直流有刷电机的特性，同时驱动器也是频率变化的装置，所以又名直流变频，无刷直流电机的运转效率，低速转矩，转速精度等都比任何控制技术的变频器还要好，由于无刷直流电动机是以自控式运行的，所以不会象变频调速下重载启动的同步电机那样在转子上另加启动绕组，也不会在负载突变时产生振荡和失步。多年来业界对异步电动机变频调速的研究，归根到底是在寻找控制异步电动机转矩的方法，稀土永磁无刷直流电动机必将以其脉宽调速﹑小体积﹑高效率和稳态转速误差小等特点在调速领域显现优势。可以解决产业界节点与高性能驱动的需求。 关键词：无刷直流电机；控制器；脉宽调制 Design of Brushless DC Motor Controller-Software Part Abstract This design adopts the ATmega128 to achieve control of the brushless dc motor. The speed and torque control part adopts closed-loop control. The whole system is mainly composed of current detecting circuit, speed and position detection circuit, power driving circuit and over current protection circuit. The design is not only to achieve positive and reverse rotation of the motor at normal speed, but also under special circumstances. It could be done to stop the operation of motor. Because of brushless dc motor is dc motor of the characteristics, drive and frequency variation device at the same time. As known as direct current frequency conversion, brushless dc motor operation is efficiency, low speed torque, rotational speed precision and so on. The brushless dc motor based on automatic control type to perform, so not like frequency control of motor speed synchronous motor overload start under plus startup winding on the rotor, also wont generate oscillation and step out when load mutation. For years the industry on the research of the asynchronous motor frequency control of motor speed, in the final analysis is looking for a way to control the asynchronous motor torque. Brushless dc motor is bo