基于电磁传感器识别路径智能车设计.doc

PAGE IV 11 摘 要 本文以第七届“飞思卡尔”杯全国大学生智能汽车竞赛为背景，对两轮直立行走智能小车硬件和软件进行了深入的分析与设计，以参与制作的智能小车为例介绍智能小车设计制作的全过程。 该智能车系统所用车模型号为N-286。采用16位单片机MC9S12XS128作为主控制单元，设计、制作一辆能够自动识别路径并能两轮自平衡直立行走的智能小车。整个智能车系统主要包括三大方面：机械结构安装，硬件电路设计，软件算法设计。本系统在设计中采用模块化设计，其中，路径检测模块采用LC谐振回路作为选频网络，然后对其信号进行放大、滤波；角度检测模块利用陀螺仪和加速度传感器分别测量车模的角速度、角度，然后将角速度积分信号与角度信号整合得到车模的精确角度信号；电机驱动模块采用四片BTS7960驱动芯片，两两级联构成全桥驱动电路，利用PWM进行速度控制；速度检测模块采用增量式光电编码器；电源模块通过稳压芯片提供3.3V、5V电压。 系统应用PID控制算法，构成一个闭环控制系统。通过对赛道信息、角度信号和速度信号的综合分析，利用N-286型车模双后轮驱动的特点，实现小车两轮自平衡直立行走。 关键字：直立行走；PID；MC9S12XS128；电机控制 Abstract On the background of the Seventh Freescale Cup Intelligent Auto-mobile Competition for national college students, this paper conducts deep analysis and design on the hardware and software of the two walking upright intelligent automobiles, and briefly introduces the whole processes of designing and making the automobile through the example of making the intelligent automobile. This intelligent auto-mobile system adopts the model N-286 as its type. By taking the 16 bits single chip microcontroller MC9S12XS128 as its main control unit, we can design and make an intelligent auto-mobile, which can recognize certain road automatically and run upright with its two wheels. The entire system contains three main parts: the installation of mechanical structure, the design of hardware circuit and the design of the software algorithm. The system adopts the modular design. Among them, the path detection module uses LC resonance loop as the frequency selective network, and then has its signal amplified and filtered. The angle detection module uses the gyroscope and angle acceleration sensor to measure the angular velocity and angle of models respectively. Then it integrates angle speed signal and angle signal to get precise angle signal of the models. Motor driver module uses four pieces of BTS7960 drive chips and two cascades to construct the whole bridge driving circuit. The system adopts PWM speed control algorithm to form a close loop control syst