高考英语复习指导-名词性从句和定语从句.docVIP

名词性从句和定语从句 名词性从句 名词性从句的语法功能：在句中充当名词成分,也就是说做主语, 宾语,表 语, 同位语.于是就形成了主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句. 引导名词性从句的引导词可分为三类： 一.引导词本身无词义,在从句中无地位. 这类词只有一个,that 二.词本身有词义但在从句中无地位, 如 :whether , if 和 as if 三. 词本身有词义且在句中有地位. 如:who , whom , whose , what , which , when , where , why , how 例句如下: 1). That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised . 上星期他突然病倒使我们都感到吃惊. ( that 引导主语从句) 2). It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not . 你是否来关系不太大. ( whether 引导主语从句 , it 作形式主语 ) 3). Who will go is not important . 谁要来不重要. (who 引导主语从句 ) 4). The question was who could go there . 问题是谁能去那儿. (who 引导表语从句 ) 5). He said ( that ) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart . 他说课文非常重要,我们应当背诵下来. ( 两个that 引导 的都是 宾语从句) 6). The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 他什么也没说使大家感到吃惊. ( that 引导同位语从句) 运用名词性从句是应当注意的几个问题: 1. whether 与 if 引导名词性从句是略有区别, if 不能引导主语从句, 不能与 or not 连用,不与不定式连用. 2. 宾语从句应当注意时态的呼应, 主句为与动词时过去时,宾语从句也应当是过去时(过去完成时,过去进行时, 过去将来时) 3.宾语从句否定前移问题: 当主句中有 : I think ( suppose , expect , believe , imagine , guess ) 时.应当否定 这些词,其实就是对后面从句的否定 ,应当注意的是主语必须是 I , 其他主语同于一般动词的否定. 如: I dont think you are right . (我认为你不对.) I dont believe they will win the game . (我相信他们不会赢得这场比赛.) She supposed that we couldnt arrive so early . ( 他认为我们不会到到达如此早.) 4. 同位语从句一般用 that 引用,先行词一般为: news , fact , idea , suggestion , promise.当先行词为是可以用其他引导词. 如: Everyone knows the fact the earth goes round the sun .( 众所周知地球围绕太阳转.) I have no idea when he will be back . (我不知道他什么时间回来.) 练习 I. 找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句 1.I dont if I can do it . 2. What he is doing seems very difficult . 3. The important thing is how we can improve our studies . 4. Mr Li always thinks of how he can do more for the people . 5. The news that she was pretending to be sick was whispered from one to another . 6. I was surprised at what he said . 7. Thats what you are going to do first . 8. Thatll be decided who is the