基于单片机的直流电机调速控制系统设计_毕业设计(论文).doc

毕业设计(论 文) 基于单片机的直流电机调速控制系统设计 2010年 6月 16日摘要 当今，直流电动机有较大的起动转矩和过载能力强等优点，因此在许多行业中仍有应用。它广泛应用于数控机床、工业机器人等工厂自动化设备中。随着现代化生产规模的不断扩大，各个行业对直流电机的需求日益增大，为此，改善系统的研究有着十分重要的意义。 本文介绍了一种基于单片机控制的PWM直流电机调速系统，以单片机为核心，以小直流电机为控制对象，以SPGT62C19B为电机驱动芯片，实现速度单闭环和PID控制，测速系统由光栅转盘和光电转换电路构成。调速原理是直流电机由PWM信号驱动，控制PWM波形占空比等于控制电机端压，从而调节电机转速。结合其它外围电路，该系统实现了包含电机的启停控制、正反转控制、调速控制多种功能。非常方便的是，用矩阵键盘可以输入转速给定值。并在LED上实时显示占空比、动态转速和转速设定值.论文详细介绍了硬件设计、软件编程，以及计算机仿真和硬件调试，呈现了程序流程图、Kei1C51程序以及Proteus的仿真结果并给出了实验结果。为了克服常规数字直流调速装置的缺点，引入fuzzy-PID复合控制方案和参数模糊自整定控制策略。 关键词：STC单片机，PWM，直流调速，PID算法 The Design of Regulating Speed system of DC Motor Based on STC Single-Chip Microcomputer Author：Li JianTutor：Liu Li Abstract Nowadays,DC motor has much merit,such as bigger starting torque and stronger overload capacity etc.Therefore, it is applied widely in many industries.DC motor is widely used on the automatic equipments, such as CNC and industrial robot. As the scale of production becomes larger and larger, the demand and requirements become higher and higher, so the research on improving the DC controlling system behavior has important sense. A PWM speed regulation system of DC motor is introduced in this paper. Taking STC Single Chip Microcomputer as core and the little DC motor as control object, the DC motor drive chip is SPGT62C19B,and the single closed loop speed control and PID control were realized.The speed measurement system is composed of optical grating turnplate and photoelectric conversion circuit .The speed regulation principle is the DC motor is driven by a PWM signal. Contro11ing the PWM duty cycle is equivalent to controlling the motor terminal voltage,which in turn adjusts directly the motor speed. With other peripheral circuits ,this system realizes multi-purpose including the speed adjusting for DC motor, the control of start and brake of motor and pros and cons turn. The given speed can be inputted