计算机导论Chapter3DataRepresentation_2008.pptVIP

storage+ transmission The natural world is continuous and infinite. Information can be represented in one of two ways Data is classified as being continuous (analog) or discrete (digital). Why and What Digitize(数字化) Actually number range from ?12710 to -010 and +010 to +12710 If I is positive integer: binary equivalent Negative(I)=28-I P62 The leftmost bit in a negative number is always a 1, whereas the leftmost bit in a positive number or zero is always a 0. 0110 = 6 1010 = -6 计算机储存有符号的整数时，是用该整数的补码进行储存的，0的原码、补码都是0，正数的原码、补码可以特殊理解为相同，负数的补码是它的反码加1 [0,10^-38)区间内，共能表示2^23个实数，以10^-45为间隔。底数：0, 2^-23, 2^-22,2^-22+2^-23, ..., 0.9999991。底数变化步长为2^-23，即1/(8*2^20)，约为1/(8*1M)，1/(8*10^6)，0.125×10^-6，小数点后7位,0.00000011920928955078125。指数：2^-126=1/(2^126)=1/(2^100*2^20*2^6)，约为1/(10^30*10^6*64)，约为10^-38，即小数点后38位。底数×指数后为小数点后45位，大约为10^-45。 [10^-38,2*10^-38)，共能表示2^23（8M）个实数，约以10^-45为间隔。底数：[1,1.9999991)，指数：约为10^-38。 [1,2) [0,10^-38)区间内，共能表示2^23个实数，以10^-45为间隔。底数：0, 2^-23, 2^-22,2^-22+2^-23, ..., 0.9999991。底数变化步长为2^-23，即1/(8*2^20)，约为1/(8*1M)，1/(8*10^6)，0.125×10^-6，小数点后7位,0.00000011920928955078125。指数：2^-126=1/(2^126)=1/(2^100*2^20*2^6)，约为1/(10^30*10^6*64)，约为10^-38，即小数点后38位。底数×指数后为小数点后45位，大约为10^-45。 [10^-38,2*10^-38)，共能表示2^23（8M）个实数，约以10^-45为间隔。底数：[1,1.9999991)，指数：约为10^-38。 [1,2) The Unicode Consortium, the non-profit organization that coordinates Unicodes development, has the ambitious goal of eventually replacing existing character encoding schemes with Unicode and its standard Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) schemes, as many of the existing schemes are limited in size and scope and are incompatible with multilingual environments. GB 2312 covers 99.75% frequency 出现概率低的符号所传送的信息量比概率高的符号要大 Sound is vibration transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas; particularly, sound means those vibrations composed of frequencies capable of being detected by ears. When reproduce The higher the sampling rate is, the better the quality of the sound being recorded. In telecommunications and c