宁波地区农业非点源污染的综合评价与防治对策研究.pdf

摘 要 本文在总结国内外非点源污染控制技术的研究进展文献的基础上，以流域 管理为目标，对宁波地区开展了农业非点源污染的详细分类调查，采用等标污 染指数法和等标污染负荷法对各污染源进行了评价，并在此基础上提出了非点 源污染的管理和控制。 研究结果表明，当前宁波地区各农业非点源污染物对水体污染的等标污染 负荷比分别为:C0D 11.39%，TN 53.70%，TP 34.91%，主要污染物是TN、TP。各 类农业非点源污源对水体污染的等标污染负荷比为:畜禽粪尿10.03%，村镇生活 污染52.30%，化肥污染25.03%，渔业污染12.64%，主要污染源是村镇生活污染、 化肥污染和渔业污染。慈溪市等标污染指数明显高于其他地区，市区等标污染 指数最少。 有效控制流域非点源污染的重要方法之一就是发展最佳管理措施，采取工 程技术，从源头和径流过程减少非点源污染，并借助相应的法规、标准和宣传 教育的管理手段保证最佳管理措施的落实。宁波地区可以采用最佳管理措施包 括生态工程措施，生活污染防治措施，化肥污染管理措施，渔业污染防治措施， 禽畜污染防治措施和相应的政策措施综合防治宁波市农业非点源污染。 关键词：宁波；等标污染负荷；等标污染指数；防治措施 I Abstract The control technology of NPS pollution in the world and its research progress were summarized in this thesis.Aiming at catchment management,a detailed classified investigation of agricultural NPS pollution in Ningbo area was carried on for the first time,and an assessment to all kind of pollution sources was done by Equal Standard Pollution Index Method and Equal Standard Pollution Load Method.In addition,the management and control planning of NPS pollution was proposed based on above investigation and assessment. As the research results show,the Equivalent Standard Pollution Loading Rate of COD,TN and TP,which means surface water pollution degree from pollutants,was separately 11.39%,53.70% and 34.91%,and the main pollutants were TN and TP.The Equivalent Standard Pollution Loading rate of livestock pollution,living pollution,fertilizer pollution and fishery pollution was separately 10.03%,52.30%,25.03%,12.64%,and the main pollution sources were living pollution,fertilizer pollution