TechnologiesMigrationfrom3Gto4G-----英文论文.docVIP

Introduction The evolution of communication systems begins with the first-generation (1G) analog mobile communication systems, passes through the second generation (2G) digital communication system and third generation (3G) currently the world’s mainstream mobile technology and ends with the fourth generation systems (4G) of high ability. This report offers a critical view on the features of main technologies (coding, modulation, signal processing and MA) that underpin the migration from 3G to 4G. 1. The third generation and fourth generation communications systems 3G is an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standard for third generation mobile telephone systems under the International Mobile Telecommunications programme, IMT-2000. 3G wireless system was developed in the late 1990s and it is not only provided the high transmission speed from 125kbps to 2Mbps [1], but also included many services, such as global roaming, superior voice quality, data always add-on and packet routing. The 4G of wireless technology is still underway and stands to be the upcoming wireless devices standard. Some of these technologies are derived from 3G and hence are evolutionary, while other 4G techniques are totally new concepts and can be thought of as revolutionary. The key difference between 4G and 3G technologies is the improved data transfer rates and security [2]. 2. Coding techniques In terms of coding of 3G systems, turbo coding is a relatively new channel coding technique, which has been shown to have a performance close to the Shannon limit than what was previously achieved with block and convolutional codes [3]. A typical turbo code system, a turbo encoder consists of two identical constituent Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) encoders with an interleaver preceding the second constituent encoder as shown in Fig.1a and turbo decoding principle is shown in Fig.1b [4]. a. Turbo encoder b. Turbo decoder Fig.1 A typical turbo code syst