发展中国家的高技术产品出口：技术喷出的象征还是数据幻想外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 High-Tech Exports from Developing Countries: A Symptom of Technology Spurts or Statistical Illusion? Material Source: EBSCO Author: Martin Srholec Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture (TIK), University of Oslo It is well established in the literature that economic development requires structural change, so it is important to analyse structural shifts along the way. It is also rightly argued that moving into manufacturing exports entails greater development opportunities because of economies of scale and scope, export diversi?cation and typically higher skills and technological intensity, compared with exports based on exploitation of natural endowments. Although a broad distinction between primary, resource-based and manufacturing trade is relatively straightforward, it is far more complicated to differentiate technological intensity of manufacturing trade. As noted above, it is customary to capture technological intensity of exports by comparing specialization in products perceived as high tech across countries. Figure 1 provides a comparison for all countries for which the relevant data are available (a sample of 108 countries in 2003). The share of high-tech products in merchandise exports is plotted on the vertical axis against specialization in exports of electronics on the horizontal axis. The dotted lines show sample averages, which divide the ?gure into four quadrants with below/above average scores along the two dimensions to indicate countries specialized in exports of these products. The data for high-tech exports are based on the World Developmen tIndicators data set (World Bank 2006), which according to the source refers to products with high RD intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmace uticals, scienti?c instruments, and electrical machinery. This is in line with the de?nition of the OECD taxonomy and is fairly close to exports of industries generally viewed as science-based in Pavitt’s taxonomy. Exports of electroni