中国古代扇车类型考察与性能研究.pdfVIP

（ 中国农史 Agricultural History of China) 2013.2 中国古代扇车类型考察与性能研究 黄兴 潜 伟 北京 （北京科技大学冶金与材料史研究所， 100083 ） 摘 要 西汉晚期以来中国传统扇车演化出开放式尧半敞式和封闭式三大类型遥应用计算流体力学软件进行数值模 拟袁综合比较各类扇车的技术水平遥 开放式扇车不能有效集中气流曰半敞式扇车可以集中部分气流袁但内部流场状况不 佳曰封闭式扇车采用轴部进风袁内部流场逐步改善袁发展出近代类型遥 对扇车的理解受到过水轮的启发袁并有所超越遥 揖关键词 扇车曰离心式曰CFD 曰鼓风器 揖中图分类号 S-09 ；K207 揖文献标识码 A 【文章编号 1000-4459（20 13）02-0024-14 A Study on the Types and Performance of the Winnower in Ancient China HUANG Xing QIAN Wei （ ） Abstract: Since late Han Dynasty, the traditional winnower in ancient China had developed into three types: the open, the half-opened and the closed. The flow field was simulated by the software of computational fluid dynamics （CFD ）, the comprehensive comparison of technology level was done on winnowers. For the open winnower, the flow could not be focused effectively. For the half-open winnower, some flow could be focused, but the flow field was not well. For closed winnower, the flow was guided from the axis, whose field had been optimized gradually. Thereafter, the modern winnower was developed from the last type, and the knowledge of winnower was inspired from the water wheel, even surpassing it. Key words: winnower ；centrifugal ；CFD ；positive blower 扇车属于速度型离心式鼓风机械，主要用于粮食清选，也见于乘风纳凉和坑道供风等场所1 。扇车 内部气流复杂，不便直接观察，增加了古人的认知难度，自汉代以来形成过多种不同类型。其结构和性 能成为体 设计水平、影响自身发展的主要因素，也是今人研究古代农业机械技术的重要视角。 2 从农业技术史角度对扇车的研究始于20 世纪30 年代，刘仙洲对扇车资料做了初步收录整理 。 [收稿日期] 2012- 10-08 [基金项目] 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金渊FRF-TP-12-003B冤曰国家野指南针计划冶曰北京科技大学 博士科研基金