5标准贸易模型.ppt

YOU ARE WELCOME ! International Economics 国际经济学 主讲：余道先 ydxdhy@ Chapter 5 The Standard Trade Model 标准贸易模型 Chapter Organization Introduction A Standard Model of a Trading Economy （开放经济的标准模型） International Transfers of Income: Shifting the RD Curve （国际收入转移：相对需求曲线的移动） Tariffs and Export Subsidies: Simultaneous Shifts in RS and RD （关税和出口补贴：相对供给曲线和相对需求曲线同时移动） Summary Introduction Previous trade theories have emphasized specific sources of comparative advantage which give rise to international trade： （先前的贸易理论强调了贸易的起因——比较优势的特定来源） Differences in labor productivity (Ricardian model) Differences in resources (specific factors model and Heckscher-Ohlin model) The standard trade model is a general model of trade that admits these models as special cases.（标准贸易模型是一个一般性的模型，而上述模型是标准贸易模型的特例） A Standard Model of a Trading Economy The standard trade model is built on four key relationships: Production possibility frontier and the relative supply curve （生产可能性边界和相对供给曲线之间的关系） Relative prices and relative demand （相对价格和相对需求之间的关系） World relative supply and world relative demand （世界相对供给和世界相对需求之间的关系） Terms of trade and national welfare （贸易条件对国家福利的影响） A Standard Model of a Trading Economy Production Possibilities and Relative Supply Assumptions of the model: Each country produces two goods, food (F) and cloth (C) Each country’s production possibility frontier is a smooth curve (TT) A Standard Model of a Trading Economy Production Possibilities and Relative Supply The point on its production possibility frontier at which an economy actually produces depends on the price of cloth relative to food, PC/PF.(生产可能性边界上的实际产出组合取决于棉布对于粮食的相对价格) Isovalue lines（等价值线） Lines along which the market value of output is constant A Standard Model of a Trading Economy A Standard Model of a Trading Economy Relative Prices and Demand The value of an economys consumption equals the value of its production: PCQC + PFQF = PCDC + PFDF = V The economy’s choice of a point on the isovalue line d