微流体数字化的科学与技术问题(I)概念、方法和效果.pdfVIP

科技导报 章维一，等：微流体数字化的科学与技术问题 I:概念、方法和效果 微流体数字化的科学与技术问题 概念、方法和效果 Scientific and Technological Problems of Digitalization of Microfluids (Part I):Concepts, Methods and Results 章维一/ZHANG Wei-yi,侯丽雅/HOU Li-ya， 南京理工大学微系统研究室 , Nanjing 2 10094, China [摘要]按重视的是外形尺寸还是内在微特性，把微系统分成微外形系统和微特性系统，通过比较分析，得到后者的存在普遍性比前 者广而且外形大小与内在微特性好坏无直接联系的结论。就微物质传输和微传热常见的细长流道低雷诺数内流条件，提出微流动、微 结构、微综合等3方面的微特性。研究了微系统中和低速流动中合理流动形态的概念，提出了人为地产生和利用可预测可控制小幅脉 冲流动序列是解决微流体流动不正常这一本质困难钥匙的思考。按所提出的3方面微特性对现有微流体影响方法进行了评价，并指出 了我们的微流体数字化（digitalization of microfluids）与Kim的数字化微流路（digital microfluidic circuits）在各方面的不同。提出了 基于脉冲惯性力的微流体脉冲影响方法及其装置，实验结果表明多方面微特性俱好，流动正常性好，分辨率达fL级，最低流量达3 pL/min，流动阻力降低，扰动性好，能实现微流道中和微射流中数字化流动，能实现裸微结构的数字化器件，方法普适于普通液体 和粉体的驱动、控制和扰动，对流体性质无特殊限制，工作可靠性、生产率、可自动化性均较高。 [关键词]粘性流体力学，微流体数字化，微特性，低雷诺数内流，脉冲惯性力，普通液体，粉体 [中图分类号] O35, TP27[文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1000-7857（2005）08-0004-06 Abstract: We classify the micro systems into two categories, the micro over-all system s and the micro characteristic ones, in the former the over-all sizes must be small and in the latter other and more intrinsic micro characteristics are emphasized. By comparing them, we found that the latter are more universal an d that smaller over-all sizes do not lead to b etter intrinsic ch aracteristics in mo st cases. We propo sed that three micro characteristics, the micro flowing, micro structure and micro comprehensive ones, should be considered for inner flowing under very low Reynolds number Re, which occurs often in fine-long conduits and in micro substance transport and micro heat transfer. We studied the concept of reasonable flow ing form for fluids that flow in micro systems or with very low velocities, and pu t forward the idea that the flowing pulse sequences, which are predictable and controllable and which are produced artificially, may becom e the key of dealing with th