悲莫悲兮生别离--论唐宋别情词.pdf

悲莫悲兮生别离??论唐宋别情词? 摘 要 “别离”主题在中国文学史上源远流长,历代文人吟咏不止,名作佳篇迭出。时至唐 宋,别离主题与“词”这一新文学体式的遇合,构筑了别情文学史上的一座丰碑??别情 词。经初唐以来一百多年的酝酿,别情词首先在晚唐词人温庭筠笔下取得质的突破,奠定 了第一个具有典型性的抒情范型??拟别情写闺情。西蜀别情词嗣响晚唐,该范型经花间 派词人的倾力发挥,形成了蔚为大观的“花间别情” 。南唐,与西蜀并为唐末小词传统的 承续者,其词抒写内容上亦不外儿女子的离愁别恨。但由于时势政局的变化、地域环境的 不同以及创作主体心灵意绪、身世遭际和审美习尚的差异,南唐别情词与花间别情词形虽 似实则质已殊。它开始以士大夫的视角审视别情,并向主体的内心世界掘进,由此形成了 别情词第二个抒情范型??寄别情于闺情。这一范型影响深远,北宋初期的柳永、晏殊、 欧阳修,中后期的晏几道、秦观、周邦彦相继踵武,创作了大量的别情词名篇。在词体大 裂变、大繁荣的北宋中后期词坛,倡导“以诗为词”苏轼跳出“词为艳科”的藩篱,大量 创作用以文人士子间寄赠酬唱的送别词或留别词,并在词中陶写人格,吟咏情性,真正将 花间以来的女郎式别情词转变为完整意义上的士大夫别情词,也因之开创了别情词的第三 个抒情范型??抒别情而表性情。至此,别情词取得了堪与别离诗相匹敌的功能和地位。 公元 1127年,北宋覆亡,靖康南渡,随时代风云骤变而来的是词坛面貌的焕然一新,别情 词由此揭开了悲壮慷慨的一页, “染别情以世情”的新抒情范型在南宋词坛大放阙彩。终 南宋一朝,文人的忧生忧世情怀始终贯穿在别情词的创作当中。在个体与家国,人生与社 会,历史与现实的层层交织下,别情词走向了一个很好的完成。 关键词:花间派;别情词;唐宋 I?悲莫悲兮生别离??论唐宋别情词? Abstract? The?theme?of?parting?has?a?long?history?in?Chinese?literature.?It?appealed?to?literati?of?all?the? past?dynasties?and?elicited?many?great?works.?Its?combination?with the?Ci,?a?new?literary?genre?in? the? Tang? and? Song? Dynasties,? produced?the? Ci? of? parting? sorrow,? a? monument?of?literature?of? parting? sorrowWith? its’? one? hundred? years’?development? after? the? establishment? of? the? Tang? Dynasty,?the?Ci of?parting?sorrow?got?a?break?through?in the?writings?of?the?late?Tang?author Wen? Tingyun?who?gave?it? its?first?typical?lyric?mode?parting?sorrow?as?the?expression?of?women’s? love.?The?Xi?Shu?Dynasty?inherited?the?Ci of?parting?sorrow?from?the?late?Tang?Dynasty,?and?the? authors?of?Huajian?School?promoted?it?to?the?spectacular?Huajian?Ci.?The?Southern?Tang?Dynasty? is?another?heir?of?this?tradition,?with?its?motif?of?lovers’ grief?at?parting.?However,?because?of?the? change?of?time?and?place,?and?the?difference?in?psychological?state,?life?experience,?and?aesthetic? habit? between? the? creative? subjects,? the? Southern? Tang? Dynasty’s? Ci? of? parting? sorrow? was? essentially? disparate? from? the? Huajian? CiIt? began? to? examine? parting? sorrow? from? the? pers