西风残照秋无际--论唐宋悲秋词.pdf

中文摘要 在唐宋词史上,产生了大量的悲秋词。本文从思想内涵的视角对悲秋词进行界定和研 究。发现有三:首先,秋蕴含了极为深广的既有典型性又具个性化的情感内容。以温庭筠、 冯延巳为代表的闺人悲秋词,描述一种男子作闺音的悲恨;柳永、秦观、周邦彦为代表的 贫士悲秋,表现一种贫士失职而不平的悲切和一种才人倦客的悲怨;范仲淹、王安石、苏 轼为代表的上士悲秋,表达一种志士忧世、哲人忧生的悲凉;张元干、辛弃疾等为代表的 烈士悲秋,书写英雄失路的悲愤;以姜夔、吴文英、张炎等为代表的寒士悲秋,体现江湖 漂零、亡国伤时的悲伤。总而言之,从唐五代的闺人到北宋的贫士、上士再到南宋的烈士、 江湖寒士以及遗民词人等词世界的人物形象系列,可以说已极尽其变。其次,以悲秋词来 表现唐宋词人的悲剧心理,从悲情美感上看,悲秋意识的各种情感元素、特质分别渗透入 词作中,呈现出不同风格色彩,闺人悲秋词是一种幽怨的词境和萧瑟的美感;贫士悲秋词 的开阔高远的词境和凄清之美;倦客悲秋词是沉郁的词境和浑厚的美感;上士悲秋词是深 沉的词境和高旷的审美;烈士悲秋词是慷慨深广的词境和苍凉美感;寒士悲秋词则是哀感 的词境和凄凉之美。第三,发现悲秋词还记录着唐宋历史的变迁,推动着词史的演化。质 言之,研究者可以从悲秋词管窥唐宋词人的生存状弁、文化心弁以及唐宋词史的发展,这 就是唐宋词史研究的另辟新径和指标性意义。 关键词: 唐宋; 悲秋词; 士人; 忧生; 忧世? II Abstracts There are numerous sentimental Ci of autumn in the history of Tang and Song dynasties. The thesis studies sentimental Ci of autumn from the perspective of ideological content and probes into the its definition. There are three major discoveries of this study. First, the image of autumn contains profound emotional contents which are both typical and individualized. Sentimental Ci which describes man making the boudoir sounds is represented by Wen Tingyun and Feng YansiAnother type of Ci describes the poor talents losing jobs feeling unfair and depressed, and the scholars who stayed afar from their hometown feeling sorrowful can be represented by Liu Yong, Qing Guan and Zhou Bangyan. Sentimental Ci focusing on the upper class revealing their sadness toward autumn tries to express the idea that the ambitious people are concern about their country and the sage are concern about the people. This type of sentimental Ci can be represented by Fan Zhongyan, Wang Anshi and Su Shi. The heroic people’s sentimental Ci are about the sadness of heroes who cannot find a way to serve their country. Such type of Ci is represented by Zhang Yuanqian and Xin Qiji. Second, sentimental Ci of autumn is used to express the tragic psychology of ci composer. From the perspective of tragic beauty, the emotional elements and features permeate into the sentimental Ci