电气自动化专业毕业论文--大棚蔬菜温度测控系统的电路设计.docVIP

摘 要 目前应用于温室大棚的温度检测系统大多采用由模拟温度传感器、多路模拟开关及A/D转换器等组成的传输系统。此温度采集系统需要在温室大棚内布置大量的测温电缆，才能把现场传感器的信号送到采集卡上，安装和拆卸过程繁琐复杂，成本也高。同时线路上传送的是模拟信号，易受干扰和损耗，并且测量误差也比较大，不利于控制者根据温度变化及时做出决定。在这样的形式下，开发一种实时性高、精度高，能够综合处理多点温度信息的测控系统就很有必要。 本文的主要设计思想是构建温室计算机分布式自动控制系统，由一台PC机与以单片机为核心的控制装置组成，采用总线式RS-485通信网络进行数据传输，通过读取实时和PC机中的历史存储的环境参数值来监测温室的运行情况。本文提出一种基于单片机并采用数字化单总线技术的温度测控系统应用于温室大棚的的设计方案。主要研究的内容概括如下： 1.研究影响温室环境的温度参数及分析其调节控制方法。 2.针对当今农业温室的研究热点-智能化温室控制系统进行研究，运用传感器技术、通讯技术、自动检测技术和微型计算机技术，研究了一套能实现对温室温度实时监测与控制的计算机分布式测控系统。 3.详细描述了分布式的蔬菜大棚温度控制系统结构。该系统由上位机和下位机系统组成。上位机由RS485接口与下位机进行通讯。下位机是温室温度采集系统，它以AT89S51单片机为核心，完成控制功能，并可独立工作。 4.完成了RS-485接口的方案设计，可以方便地进行远距离多节点通讯，实现多点的温度测控。 5.用户可以根据需要设置参数，通过系统的自动调节作用使温室温度处于适宜作物生长的最佳值，当环境参数超限时，可以发出声光报警。 6.对所取得的成果进行了总结，并对未来工作进行了展望。 关键词：温室；单片机；温度传感器；温度控制；AT89S51；RS-485 ABSTRACT Currently, the temperature control system of greenhouse is mostly using a transfers system which consists of analog temperature sensors, multiplexing analog switches and A/D conversion units. This kind of temperature collection system needs a lot of cables which is laid to make the signal of the sensor be sent to the collection card in the greenhouse, and the work of fixing and take-down is miscellaneous, and the cost is high. Whats more, the analog signal transferring in the system which is easily interfered and alleged, and the measure error is bigger, this is hard for the controller to make a decision in time according to the change of temperature. So under this circumstance, it is necessary to employ a real time and precise temperature control system which can deal with temperature information of many nods. The main idea in this paper is to design a computer distributed auto-control greenhouse system. The system is made up of one PC and a control device which treat MCU as the core, and the data is transmitted by RS-485 bus communicat network. The local operation status in greenhouse can be obtained by monitoring environment parameters and these information be stored in PC. This paper gives a greenh