豫西地区不同类型农田化肥增产效益及增产潜力研究.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40(7):1439-1446 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 豫西地区不同类型农田化肥增产效益及增产潜力研究 毛军需，徐晓锋，石兆勇，苗艳芳 （河南科技大学农学院，洛阳 471003 ） 摘要：【目的】探讨化肥在豫西地区不同地形农田的增产效益与增产潜力，为引导和实现化肥的优化配置和 合理施用、提高豫西地区粮食产量提供参考依据。【方法】采用田间试验，研究了豫西地区平川地、坡平地、坡地 等 3 种典型地形农田化肥施用量对作物产量的影响；并对 3 种典型农田化肥消费量与粮食产量的多年统计资料进 行了分析，提出了二者之间的关系，并由此对豫西地区粮食增产潜力进行了预测。【结果】作物单产以平川地最高， 坡平地次之，坡地最低。尽管在3种类型农田上使用化肥均可大幅度增加作物产量，但化肥增产效益以坡地最高， 坡平地次之，平川地最低；对 3 种典型地形农田化肥消费量与粮食产量多年统计资料的分析也获得相同结论。根 据田间试验结果对未来豫西地区粮食产量及增产潜力进行的预测表明，当采用本研究中最大施肥量时，豫西地区 粮食总产量可达到4.24×109 kg，是2003年该地区粮食产量的2.1倍；并预测在增加粮食产量中，坡地贡献率占 50.1%、坡平地占33.7%、平川地占16.2%，坡地和坡平地粮食生产对该地区粮食总产量具有决定作用。【结论】豫 西地区 3 种典型地形农田中化肥增产效益存在差异，以坡地化肥增产效益最大。因此，加强坡地化肥投入，可有 效地提高本区粮食总产量，对今后本区粮食的增产具有重要意义。 关键词：豫西地区；不同地形农田；化肥；增产效益；增产潜力 Yields Increasing Potential of Fertilization on Different Farmland in Western Henan MAO Jun-xu, XU Xiao-feng, SHI Zhao-yong, MIAO Yan-fang (College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003) Abstract: 【Objective 】The objectives of this paper are to elucidate benefits and potentiality of fertilizer to yields increasing under different land types in western Henan, to guide and realize reasonable allocation and employ of fertilizer, and to improve the crop yield in western Henan province. 【Method 】 The relationship between crop yield and fertilizer amount under three different land types including flat, sloping flat and sloping land was studied by field experiments. Crop yields in western Henan province are predicted according to the analysis of statistical data in several decades. 【Result 】 Highest yield was observed in flat, while the lowest yield was observed in sloping land. Although fertilization could significantly increase crop yields in the three ty