低温环境下结构陶瓷的相变、断裂机理与性能的研究进展.pdfVIP

第29 卷 第4 期 无 机 材 料 学 报 Vol. 29 No. 4 2014 年4 月 Journal of Inorganic Materials Apr., 2014 文章编号: 1000-324X(2014)04-0337-08 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1077.2014.13295 低温环境下结构陶瓷的相变、断裂机理与性能的研究进展 薛伟江, 谢志鹏 (清华大学 材料学院, 新型陶瓷与精细工艺国家重点实验室, 北京 100084) 摘 要: 低温技术的不断发展使其应用于越来越多的领域中, 例如航空航天、超导、核聚变等。在一些低温工程领 域中, 结构陶瓷有着其他材料不可替代的应用前景。本文综述了低温极端环境下几种典型结构陶瓷材料的国内外研 究现状与进展, 包括氧化锆基结构陶瓷在低温下的相变机理与性能、氧化铝陶瓷的低温性能以及氮化硅、碳化硅等 非氧化物陶瓷在低温下的基础力学性能及断裂机理。 关 键 词: 结构陶瓷; 低温; 相变增韧; 断裂机理; 力学性能; 综述 中图分类号: TQ174 文献标识码: A Research Progress on the Transformation, Fracture Mechanism and Properties of Structural Ceramics at Cryogenic Temperatures XUE Wei-Jiang, XIE Zhi-Peng (State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua Univer- sity, Beijing 100084, China) Abstract: Currently, the rapid development of cryogenic techniques makes them required for a wide range of ap- plications such as aeronautics astronautics, superconducting fields, nuclear fusion and so on. Structural ceramics are promising cryogenic structural materials which are prior to some kinds of metals and polymer materials in some specific applications. The research history and progress of several classical types of structural ceramics at cryogenic temperatures are reviewed. The contents of the present paper include the transformation mechanism and properties of zirconia-based ceramics, alumina ceramics and basic mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of Si3N4 and