壳牌蜡油加氢裂化工艺与运行特点本科毕业论文.docVIP

壳牌蜡油加氢裂化工艺与运行特点 摘要：本论文通过实际参与工厂装置生产学习和实践后，介绍了国内首套引进Shell Global Solutions 技术（以下简称壳牌技术）的400万t/a加氢裂化装置的工艺流程、工艺原理及反应、技术特点和运行工况以及装置开停工、自动化控制等。该装置采用炉后混油流程、分馏系统汽提塔和稳定塔采用双再沸器设计、反应注水部分循环利用等新技术，产品收率高，能耗少。在原料密度和馏程相比设计值略小，精制和裂化催化剂平均反应温度比设计值低约20℃，反应器入口压力比设计值低0.4MPa，空速和氢油比与设计值相当的情况下，产品重石脑油、航煤和柴油中都不含烯烃，其硫含量、氮含量均小于或接近设计值；产品液体总收率为98.07%，轻、重石脑油，航煤和柴油的总收率为86.12%，中馏分油收率为56.30%，气体收率仅为4.55%，化学氢耗只有2.70%。这说明催化剂有较强的脱硫、脱氮和芳烃饱和能力，对中间馏分油的选择性较高，二次裂解少。另外，产品馏程切割清晰，说明分馏部分的设计和操作合理。正常生产能耗仅为设计值的73%，且低于2007年中石化加氢裂化装置能耗的最低值（28.8/t）。 关键词：加氢裂化 蜡油 加氢催化剂 加氢反应 分馏 轻石脑油 重石脑油 Shell Oil Hydrocracking ProcessAnd Operating Characteristics Abstract: This paper presents the 4000000 t/a of hydrocracking unit process principle and reaction, technical characteristics and operating conditions as well as device startup and shutdown, automatic control using.Shell Global Solutions Technology (hereinafter referred to as the shell technology)which is first introduced through the process of the actual participation of learning and practice of production plant. The device adopts the furnace after mixed oil flow, fractionation system stripper and stabilization tower with double reboiler design, reaction injection parts recycling and some other new technologies, which can achieved high product yield, less energy consumption. Compared with the design values it is smaller than in the raw material density and distillation, refining and cracking catalyst average reaction temperature about 20 ℃ lower than the design value, what is more, the reactor entrance pressure is 0.4MPa lower than the design value, space velocity and ratio of hydrogen to oil and the design value below the condition of the same product, heavy naphtha, aviation kerosene and diesel oil does not contain olefin, sulfur content, nitrogen content is less than or near to the design value; the total yield of liquid product is 98.07%, and the total yield of light, heavy naphtha, aviation kerosene and diesel is 86.12%, the distillate yield is 56.30%, while the yield of