不同基因型大麦苗期耐低氮性状与产量性状的相关性研究.doc

不同基因型大麦苗期耐低氮性状与产量性状的相关性研究 陈志伟，邹磊，陆瑞菊，王亦菲，何婷，杜志钊，黄剑华(上海市农业科学院生物技术研究所，上海 201106上海市农业遗传育种重点实验室，上海 201106theoretical basis for low nitrogen breeding, a hydroponic experiment and a field trail were carried out to investigate the index variations for low-N tolerance in Barley under low-N stress and normal-N supply condition, respectively. The result showed that there were significant differences in nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen uptake per plant, shoot dry weight and plant height at seedling stage and differences in grain yield among barley varieties at seedling stage, and there were significant differences in each trait between nitrogen supplies. The relative traits analysis suggested that the relative shoot dry weight, the relative tiller number and the relative nitrogen uptake per plant had the bigger genotype variations. And the correlation analysis indicated that there was a significantly positive correlation between tiller number and grain yield, and there were also significantly positive correlations among the relative nitrogen utilization efficiency, the relative plant height and the relative grain yield. And the variety of BI-04 had the highest values of relative traits, and showed the most tolerance to low nitrogen, while the variety of BI-45 was the most sensitive one. Key words: Barley; Low-N tolerance; N utilization efficiency; N uptake per plant; Tiller number; Grain yield 大麦是世界上列于小麦、玉米和水稻之后的第四大作物[1]，也是制造啤酒的主要原料，所以培育优质、高产、广适的专用啤酒大麦品种一直受到我国政府的关注。氮素是作物生长所必需的大量元素之一，也是作物生长的一个重要的限制因子[2]，为了保证了作物高产和稳产，人们就大量施用氮肥。但是在大麦生产上中过量施用氮肥不仅造成了氮肥利用率下降、生产成本提高和环境污染等问题，而且还造成了大麦酿啤品质的下降[3、4]。培育氮素利用效率较高的耐低氮大麦品种可以降低氮肥施用量，是有效利用化肥资源、减少环境污染、降低生产成本和提高大麦品质的重要途径。而培育氮高效、耐低氮作物品种就需要找到具备这些特性的种质资源，这样就需要对种质资源进行有效、快速的评价和筛选。籽粒产量是人们最关心也是最重要的评价指标，而籽粒产量与供氮水平之间的关系往往和氮素吸收利用效率有关[5]，所以很多研究报道都是围绕氮素吸收利用和籽粒产量来开展的[6-16]。以往有关大麦氮高效利用和耐低氮的研究也很多，Górny通过盆栽法对大麦苗期氮素生理利用效率的遗传效应作了初步探索[14]，通过对苗期大麦耐低氮性进行了评价和筛选[15]，Sinebo等通过田间试验研究了低氮胁迫下不同基因型大麦成熟期氮素利用相关性状及产量的遗传变异[16]。但这些都没有把大麦苗期耐低氮相关性状和产量性状结合起来对耐低氮性进行评价和筛选。 本研究