架桥机外文翻译.docVIP

附录A 外文文献参考翻译 A1 外文文献 BRIDGE ERECTION MACHINES Marco Rosignoli HNTB Corp., USA Contents 1. Introduction to Bridge Construction Methods 2. Main Features of Bridge Erection Machines 3. Beam Launchers Summary Bridge industry is moving to mechanized construction because this saves labor, shortens project duration and improves quality. This trend is evident in many countries and affects most construction methods. Mechanized bridge construction is based on the use of special machines. New-generation bridge erection machines are complex and delicate structures. They handle heavy loads on long spans under the same constraints that the obstruction to overpass exerts onto the final structure. Safety of operations and quality of the final product depend on complex interactions between human decisions, structural, mechanical and electro-hydraulic components of machines, and the bridge being erected. In spite of their complexity, the bridge erection machines must be as light as possible. Weight governs the initial investment, the cost of shipping and site assembly, and the launch stresses. Weight limitation dictates the use of high-strength steel and designing for high stress levels in different load and support conditions, which makes these machines potentially prone to instability. Bridge erection machines are assembled and dismantled many times, in different conditions and by different crews. They are modified and adapted to new work conditions. Structural nodes and field splices are subjected to hundreds of load reversals. The nature of loading is often highly dynamic and the machines may be exposed to hundreds and strong wind. Loads and support reactions are applied eccentrically, the support sections are often devoid of diaphragms, and most machines have flexible support systems. Indeed such design conditions are almost incon