基于FPGA实现线性FIR数字滤波器的设计与实现.docVIP

摘要 在宽带信号处理中，常常利用目标回波的频谱特性进行目标检测和分类，为了保证其准确性，对接收到的回波必须进行频谱分析。实际上常用的方法是通过滤波器组进行处理的。因此在设计上采用同一结构的FIR滤波器，通过调整参数实现不同频率段的滤波。 根据FIR滤波器可以很方便地实现线性相位的特性和稳定性在设计中提出了一种采用现场可编程门阵列器件（FPGA）实现线性FIR数字滤波器，利用分布式算法的并行处理的高效的特点，对于在FPGA中实现FIR滤波器的关键——乘加运算，给出将乘加转化为查找表结构实现乘法器，并利用多级流水线方式实现运算。降低了对查找表的存储容量的需求，并且不影响系统的速度。用VHDL语言编写了程序 关键词：有限冲击响应滤波器 ，现场可编程门阵列器件，查找表 ，分布式 ，流水线 ABSTRACT While dealing with the broadband signal, we often utilize the spectral characteristic of the goal return waves echo to carry on the goal measuring and classification, in order to guarantee its accuracy , the article has gone on frequency spectrum to analyze the return waves echo that is accepted . In fact the commonly used method is done through the wave filter group. So we adopt FIR filter of the same structure in the design, and accomplish straining waves of different frequency section through adjusting the parameter. The linear and stability characteristics of phase place can be easily achieved according to FIR filter. In the design it has adopted FPGA device to realize linear FIR digital wave filter, then utilized the high-efficient characteristic of parallel running of the distributed algorithm, as to realizing the key to FIR filter in FPGA –the operation of addition and multiplication, provided the way that turns addition and multiplication into finding out the structure of the form to realize the multiplier, and make use of multistage assembly line way to realize operation. It has reduced the demand of the memory capacity which searches for the form, and does not influence the system’s speed .It makes use of VHDL to program. Keyword: Finite impact response wave filter, Field programmable gate array , Look -up-table, Pipline 目 录 摘要 I ABSTRACT II 1绪言 1 1.1课题背景 1 1.2课题研究的目的和意义 2 2 滤波器设计原理 3 2.1滤波器的基本概念 3 2.1.1滤波原理 3 2.1.2滤波器的分类 4 2.1.3数字滤波器结构的表示方法 5 2.1.4滤波器的技术要求 6 2.2 有限冲击响应（FIR）滤波器的基本概念 8 2.2.1 FIR数字滤波器与IIR数字滤波器的比较 8 2.2.2有限冲击响应(FIR)滤波器的特点 9 3 FIR数字滤波器的设计思路 10 3.1 线性相位FIR滤波器特点 10 3.1.1单位冲击响应h（n