基于单片机的智能小车的设计与实现.docVIP

摘要 随着计算机、微电子、材料、机械、通信等技术的快速发展，智能化的小车和机器人的发展速度也越来越快，作为21世纪自动化领域内非常伟大的成就它已经和人们的生产生活紧密的联系在了一起。根据题目的要求，本设计的智能遥控小车主要由两大部分构成：一个红外遥控部分，一个智能小车部分。其中红外遥控部分采用专用编码芯片HT6221作为发射端，一体化红外接收头作为接收端；智能小车部分采用微控制器AT89C52单片机作为其控制核心，用红外反射式光电传感器进行障碍物和路线的检测，用步进电机控制小车的启停、速度快慢以及转向，用直射式光电检测器、施密特触发器等元件组成的电路来检测小车车轮转速，用LCD1602液晶显示屏来实时显示小车运行的速度、时间和路程。 经过硬件和软件的综合设计，本设计的智能遥控小车基本上实现了遥控控制、自动躲避障碍、自动沿着特定的路线行驶、实时显示速度、路程等功能。 关键词：AT89C52单片机；红外遥控；步进电机；LCD1602  ABSTRACT Along with the development of computer microelectronic materials mechanical and communication ,the smart cars and robots are also mov-ing faster,as a great achivement in the field of automation in the 21st century,they have closely contacted with people,s living and manufactur-ing.According to the topic,my designation of sm- art car mainly contain two parts,a infrared remote contral portion and a small car portion.The infrared remote contral portion is use the special coded chip HT6221 as the transmitter and use the integrated infrared receiving header as the receiver;we use the MCU(AT89C52 singal chip machine)as its control core, the infrared reflective ph- otoelectric sensor for detection of obstal and routes, the stepping motor to control its start-stop speed and steering,the circuits made of direct optical detectors schmitt tr- igger and other electronic components to detect the car,s wheel speed,1602 LCD sc- reen to display its real-time speed distance and time. Through the integrated design of hardware and software,the small car has the function of remote contral, avoiding obstal automatically,moving along specific route automatically, displaying real-time speed and distace. Keywords: AT89C52MCU; IR remote control; stepmotor; LCD1602  目录 第一章 绪论 1 1.1 课题背景和意义 1 1.2 课题研究现状和发展趋势 1 1.2.1 研究现状 1 1.2.2 发展趋势 2 1.3 课题内容和要求 2 第二章 总体方案设计与论证 4 2.1 遥控控制模块设计与论证 4 2.2 电机驱动模块设计与论证 5 2.3 避障循迹模块设计与论证 6 2.4 数据显示模块设计与论证 6 2.5 转速测量模块设计与论证 7 2.6 电源模块设计与论证 7 第三章 各模块硬件电路设计 9 3.1 红外遥控发射器模块 9 3.1.1 红外遥控模块的工作原理 9 3.1.2 HT6221编码芯片简