超精密车床结构设计及仿真.doc

毕业论文 超精密车床结构设计及仿真  摘 要 随着科学技术的发展及高新技术的需要，精密及超精密加工技术在工业生产中的地位越 来越重要。几十年来，超精密加工已成为工业生产中最关键的、效果最显著的技术之一。本 文密切结合河北省博士基金项目课题进行研究，以超精密车床的开发为目标，以压电材料学、 弹性铰链理论、虚拟样机技术为基础，完成了超精密车床的结构设计，通过三维建模，对其 进行了运动学仿真和切削力仿真；本论文完成了以下内容： 引入了模块化设计思想，设计了一台小型化的基于电主轴和压电陶瓷微进给平台等关 键部件的超精密车床。 设计了一种以压电陶瓷作动器为动力源，弹性铰链为弹性变形元件的新型微进给刀架； 在此基础上，进行了位移-电压曲线的线性分析试验，为微进给刀架线性驱动提供了依据。 基于虚拟样机仿真技术，利用 Pro/ENGINEER 软件，进行了车床各零部件的三维实体 建模，根据传统的装配方式进行了虚拟装配和运动仿真，并进行了装配过程中的干涉检查。 在 VC++开发环境下，将 OBJ 数据文件导入 OpenGL 中，从而简化了虚拟车床的设计， 利用双缓存技术以及定时器技术等对所设计的机床进行了切削以及切削力的实时动态仿真。 通过仿真和实验，结果表明：所设计微进给系统进给分辨率为 0.01μm；线性位移变化 量为 4.58μm；车床可以达到亚微米级进给精度；最后对全文的研究工作和取得的进展进行 了总结，并提出了进一步研究的建议和设想。 关键词：超精密车床，微进给，实体建模，仿真 i STRUCTURE DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF ULTRA-PRECISION MACHINING LATHE ABSTRACT With the development of science and technology and needs of high-tech, precision and ultra-precision processing technology plays an increasingly important role in industrial production. Ultra-precision machining has become one of the most critical and effective techniques in industrial production for decades. Closely connecting with the Doctor Foundation subject of Hebei province, the structure of ultra-precision lathe was designed with the aid of the science of piezoelectric material, flexure hinge theory and virtual prototype technology; Then a 3D model of the lathe was set up; And at last, the kinematics and cutting force simulation was proceeded on basic of the lathe modeling. The creative work has been completed as follows： ◆ With the aid of modular-design thought，a miniaturized ultra-precision lathe was designed, which was based on some key components， such as electric spindle and piezoelectric ceramic micro-positioning platform. A micro-feeding tool holder was designed based on piezoelectric ceram and flexible hinge， which took piezoelectric ceram as its power supply, and flexible hinge as its deformation component. The linear analysis experiments were done with the micro-feeding tool holder. As a result, a displacement-voltage curve was got that