广东省河道生态基流定量分析研究.docVIP

广东省河道生态基流定量分析研究 　摘要：针对广东省咸潮上溯、水污染严重及水库、水电站建设对下游河道生态环境的影响等问题，以满足河流最基本的稀释自净功能、维持河道稳定及生物多样性为目的，综合国内外现有多种生态流量计算方法，对广东省典型河道断面的生态基流进行了计算分析。通过分析不同的方法（Tennant法、月保证率法、7Q10法、最小月平均实测径流量法）的优劣与适用性条件以及不同保证率下的计算结果，提出可以75%保证率下河道生态基流为标准，建议广东省河道生态基流量控制在诸断面多年平均径流总量的10%~21%。 　　关键词：河道生态流量；水文统计；空间变异性 　　　　1672-1683（2011）01-0092-04 　　Research on the Quantitative Analysis of Ecological Base Flow in Typical River Sections of Guangdong Province 　　CHEN Han1,SHAO Dong-guo1,WU Jun-xiao2,WANG Qing2 　　(1.State Key Laboratory of Water Resources amp; Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China；2.Water Resources Department of Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510635,China) 　　Abstract: Aiming at environmental issues in Guangdong Province such as encroachment of salt tide,severe water contamination,negative effects of reservoirs and hydropower stations on the downstream river environment,we calculated the river ecological base flow in typical river sections of Guangdong Province by integrating existing calculation methods of ecological base flow with the purposes of satisfying the most basic river function of dilution and self-purification,as well as maintaining the river stability and biodiversity,.Based on the analysis ofthe pros and cons of different methods (Tennant method,Monthly Guaranteed Frequency method,7Q10 method and the minimum monthly discharge method),and thEir adoption conditions,as well as thEIr calculated outcomes under different guaranteed rates,we recommend the river ecological base flow under the guaranteed rate of 75% as the criterion and suggest that the river ecological base flow of Guangdong Province should account for 10%~21% of the multi-year average runoff. 　　Key words: river ecological flow;hydrological statistic;spatial variation 　　 　　 水资源是人类生存和经济社会发展的物质基础，同时也是生态与环境保护的关键。由于在一段时期内，人们只注重生产和生活用水，忽视生态环境需水，没有考虑人与河流的和谐发展，造成生态用水紧张和局部生态系统失衡。生态需水研究是合理配置水资源、实现水资源可持续利用的基础，尤其在既能满足水资源合理开发利用和保护的要求，又能够发挥最佳效益的新的水资源管理模式下,生态与环境问题越来越受到重视［1］。 　　迄今为止，广东省已开展了大量的