盐酸分解磷矿装置设计【优秀机械专业论文】【全套带CAD图】.doc

精品机械毕业设计 答辩CAD图纸资料 优秀通过答辩 摘 要 本论文以解决现有盐酸法制饲料磷酸氢钙流程问题为目的,进行了多方面的研究.研究内容主要包括:通过对酸解动力学行为及酸解液中杂质影响的研究,寻求较佳的酸解工艺控制条件;通过对酸解液中胶体及不溶物的絮凝沉降影响因素的研究,寻找较为合理的沉降操作条件;通过对不加絮凝剂的沉降浓缩液离心分离实验及仿带式真空过滤机的平底漏斗实验,评价了酸解工艺,推荐了过滤操作条件.以此为基础,对饲料磷酸氢钙的去渣二段中和新流程作了一些探索性工作.即盐酸分解磷矿的酸解液先不进行中和,而直接将酸解液快速沉降、过滤,分离掉酸解过程中产生的残渣、胶体的大部分,然后将清液进行第一次中和,脱出重金属、氟、少量的磷酸氢钙作为肥料(即白肥)使用,滤液进行第二次中和.结果令人满意,不仅使饲料磷酸氢钙磷回收率从58-61％提高到了72％,新增白肥磷回收率18-20％,而且,每吨饲钙产生的废渣量从1-1.5吨下降到了265kg,使流程的经济效益及环保效益都大大的提高.本研究工作不仅打通了现有的不去渣二段中和、混合脱氟工艺的生产限制瓶颈——渣沉降和饲钙分离.并且对现装置布局不作大的改动和投入的情况下,可改造为去渣的二段中和流程,使现生产装置能力大幅度提高.该工艺技术合理,流程通畅,实验重现性好,操作可靠,去渣技术有独创性,国内未见报道. Abstract This paper solves the existing hydrochloric acid decomposing phosphate rock system of feed calcium hydrophosphate flow problems for the purpose, has been studied in many aspects. The research content mainly includes: through the research on the acid hydrolysis dynamics and the effect of acid liquid impurities, seeking better acid hydrolysis process control condition; through the flocculation of colloid and acid solution insoluble settlement influence factors of operating conditions, seek settlement more reasonable; the without flocculant subsidence concentrated liquid centrifugal separation experiment and imitation of belt vacuum filter flat funnel experiment, evaluation of two acid hydrolysis, recommended filtration conditions. Based on this, the feed calcium hydrophosphate. Residue two section and innovation made some exploratory work. The Phosphorite Acid Decomposition of acid solution without neutralization, and direct acid hydrolysis solution of rapid sedimentation, filtration, residue, most colloid has separated from acid hydrolysis process, and then the supernatant from the first neutralization, heavy metals, fluoride, a small amount of calcium hydrogen phosphate as fertilizer (i.e. white fat), filtrate second neutralization. Satisfactory results, not only make the recycle of calcium hydrophosphate phosphorus feed rate is increased from 58-61% to 72%, add white fertilizer P The r