机械工程材料ch05-Structure and microstructure transformation.pdf

Mechanical Engineering Materials (Bilingual Course) Chapter Five Contents  Recovery and Recrystallization Austenization of steels during heating  Transformation of steels during cooling Annealing and normalizing of steels  quenching and tempering of steels Surface treatments Recovery and Recrystallization Although the strengthening of alloy is caused by the cold plastic deformation, the ductility and toughness of materials will decrease, which make it further deformation and machine very difficult. The recovery and recrystallization will be the heating the metals in order to make the atoms’ diffusivity greatly enhanced.  Recovery( 回复)  Recrystallization(再结晶)  Grain growth(晶粒长大)  Recovery( 回复) Recovery is referred as to the changes caused by short- range migration of point defects and dislocation in metals at relatively low temperature.  回复 发生加工硬化的金属在较低温度下，扭曲晶格得到消除，可 以部分消除加工硬化。  温度：T回＝（0.25-0.3 ）T熔  组织：无明显变化，晶格扭曲得到消除  性能：无明显变化，加工硬化得到部分消除  Recrystallization(再结晶) The process of complete reconstructure for cold deformed structure during heating a high temperature is termed recrystallization.  再结晶 发生加工硬化的金属在较高温度时，会进行晶粒的重新生成， 从而可以完全消除加工硬化。  温度：T再＝(0.35-0.4)T熔  组织：晶粒重新生成  性能：强度、硬度降低，韧性、塑性提高，加工硬化消除  Grain growth(晶粒长大) After recrystallization, the grain growth will take place if increasing the heating temperature or prolonging the heating time, which is a spontaneous process.  晶粒长大－T 0.4T 长 熔 Microstructure changes during heating 冷变形 低温回复 高温度回复 再结晶 高温度再结晶 晶粒长大 Microstructure changes during heating