黄花杓兰与菌根真菌共生关系与研究.docVIP

黄花杓兰与菌根真菌共生关系研究 摘要 本文对兰科植物菌根的研究历史，兰科菌根的形态特点、功能、生态学方面 做了简单的综述，并介绍了国内天麻和杓兰属植物菌根的研究进展；对黄花杓兰 的生境特点和根、芽的生长发育过程也做了调查研究。在此基础上，进行黄花杓 兰的菌根研究工作，包括菌根真菌的分离、培养、鉴定和切片显微观察，探讨了 黄花杓兰与菌根真菌的共生关系。 香格里拉的黄花杓兰生长在高山环境下，生长季节很短（4 月～10 月）。对 其根部进行真菌分离，得到 23 株真菌，但真菌的继代培养出现衰退现象，多株 死亡，最后只有 10 株存活。由于大多数没有孢子且未见子实体，所以鉴定困难。 只有菌株 H-4 在Ｖ8 培养基上产生子囊和子囊孢子，经鉴定为金黄色毛壳菌。推 测金黄色毛壳菌与菌床团丝核菌互为有性世代和无性世代。 对黄花杓兰植株的根进行了一个生长周期的采集和切片观察，发现黄花杓兰 具有相应的菌根结构，菌丝的存在状态在各物候期有所不同，可分为五个时期： (1) 4 月份联通菌丝时期；(2) 5 月份菌丝团时期；(3) 6、7 月份无菌丝团时期； (4) 8、9 月份菌丝团时期；(5) 10 月份无菌丝团时期。可以看出，在植株生 长期，根细胞内出现菌丝团；在植株完成正常的生命过程中，真菌营养是光合营 养的补充；真菌菌丝团也作为植物营养的转化器，菌丝团消解释放营养供给植株。 在此基础上探讨了菌根真菌与黄花杓兰的共生关系的一个方面：植株通过联通菌 丝沟通各个细胞的物质交换，菌根真菌利用植株体内物质完成生命活动，菌丝团 消解，使真菌所储藏的营养物转化，为植株所利用。 关键词：黄花杓兰；菌根真菌；共生关系；菌丝团；转化器 Notes on Symbiotic Relationship Between Cypripedium flavum and Its Mycorrhizal Fungi Abstract In this paper, the following research on orchid mycorrhiza are reviewed: history, morphological characters and， its function both to orchid and fungi, ecology specialties. Reserches on Gastrodia elata Bl. in China and on Cypripedium flavum in this field have been summarized. The trait of the habitat of C. flavum has been observed, both with the devolpment of its buds and roots. Then, the work has been carried out by mycorrhizal fungi cultivation 、identification , and observation the microstructure of mycorrhiza of C. flavum. So the author got the inference of symbiotic relationship between C. flavum and mycorrhizal Fungi. The C. flavum population studied in this paper occurs in alpine areas of shanggerila county, its growing season is very short (from April to October ). The author got 23 strains, but most can not been well pureculture and subculture. The strains can’t been easily identified because most can’t produce spores or sporocarp except H-4. We identified H-4 as Chaetomium aureum Chivers from its ascus and ascospores. Bubils of the genus Papulaspora (anamorph) are seem as produced by apothecial fungus as Chaetomium (teleomorph). The roots of C. flavum had been samp