【三维设计】2015高考英语江苏专用大一轮语法专题第一周名词.docVIP

第一周　名　词 一、名词词义辨析 1．形近词的词义辨析 ①symptom(症状)　　　　　　similarity(类似) sample(样本) shadow(影子) ②sympathy(同情) symbol(象征，符号) symptom(症状) system(系统) ③commitment(承诺，奉献) competition(竞争) ambition(野心) company(陪伴) It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any symptom.(2012· 湖北高考) 定期去医院检查眼睛，看有没有出现没有任何症状的那些眼病，是重要的。 2．相同词缀的名词辨析 ①expression(表达；表情) attention(注意) satisfaction(满意) impression(印象) ②expectation(期望) reputation(声誉) contribution(贡献) civilization (文明) ③accommodation(住宿) occupation(职业) adaptation(适应，改编) appreciation(欣赏) ④equipment(设备) arrangement(安排) assessment(评估，估算) entertainment(娱乐) My first impression of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.(2012·山东高考) 我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良且有思想的年轻人。 3．意义相近词的辨析 ①strength(长处) talent(天赋) ability(能力) skill(技能) ②advice question offer idea ③anger rudeness regret panic(惊慌) “Tommy, run！Be quick！The house is on fire！”the mother shouted, with panic clearly in her voice. “汤米，跑！快跑！房子着火了！”妈妈大声喊道。她的声音里显然带着恐慌。 4．无一定关联性的名词词义辨析 ①curiosity(好奇) satisfaction(满意) envy(羡慕) patience(耐心) ②difference comparison(比较) connection barrier(屏障，障碍) ③luck value time fact It shows that you have no curiosity or interest in the organization. 这意味着你对该公司没有什么好奇心或兴趣。 二、名词的固定搭配 1．动词have, take, make, pay, play, put, give, get等加名词构成的短语 have a good reputation　　　　有个好名声 have a feeling of 有……感觉 have access to 可以获得 take advantage of 利用，趁……之机 take a turn 转变 get relief 得到缓解 The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good reputation.(2010·江苏高考) 这位医生在治疗心脏病上技术高超而且从来不收病人任何礼物，因此享有较高声誉。 2．介词后加名词构成的短语 in great demand 　　　　　　需求量很大 in progress 在进行中 out of touch 与……无联系 beyond recognition 辨认不出来 As the football match was in progress, we kept cheering on both teams. 足球赛进行时，我们不断地喊叫，为双方加油。 三、抽象名词具体化 1．表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有 单词 抽象名词 具体化名词意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 danger 危险