农村社会救助论文：农村社会求助与政府行为选择研究.docVIP

农村社会救助论文：农村社会求助与政府行为选择研究 【中文摘要】进入新世纪,我国正处于体制转轨、结构调整、社会转型的特殊历史时期,面临着许多困难和挑战,如何有效化解矛盾,解决社会众多利益主体的冲突问题,实现社会和谐,是摆在我们面前的一项重大课题。当前我国农村社会救助成效显著:救助制度不断完善,救助法制不断健全;救助投入不断增大、范围逐步扩大、水平持续提高;救助经费来源稳定可靠;非政府组织及群众也积极参与其中。但由于农村社会救助自身的不完善及农村贫困形势的复杂性和严峻性,总体上仍显供需失衡。从表象看,是由于国家或政府对农村社会救助的制度和物质供给不足,致使农民社会保障(救助)权没能充分实现。然而深究其本质,受国家和政府在农村社会救助中责任的缺失、城乡二元结构以及农民“话语权”的缺乏等因素的影响,农民一系列权利的弱势和缺失,才是导致农村社会救助供需矛盾的根源所在。农民权利的缺失不仅表现为社会保障(救助)权,还表现在与之密切相关的其他权利如迁徙自由权、劳动权、受教育权等。这些权利的缺失不但从一定程度上造成了农民经济和权利上的贫困,增大了对农村社会救助的需求,降低了获取农村社会救助的能力。同时也正因为国家或政府长期以来对农民权利的忽略,对农村社会救助的供给偏少,造成了与需求的不匹配。因而,确保农民社会保障权等一系列社会权利的实现,是改善农村社会救助,实现农村社会救助供需平衡的重要途径。毋庸置疑的是,保障农民权利、改善农村社会救助最终均离不开政府,需要通过政府的行为选择来实现。也唯有如此才能确保农民享受改革和发展的成果,切实维护和实现社会的公平与正义。 【英文摘要】Entering the new century, China is in the special historical period of system transition, structural adjustment and social transition, facing many difficulties and challenges. How to resolve conflicts, solve social conflicts of many social benefit subjects effectively and achieve social harmony, is a major issue placed in front of us. Currently, the rural social assistance has got remarkable achievement. The assistance system is perfecting and the legal system of social assistance is improving constantly. At the same time, the investment in social assistance is increasing continuously, and the scope of social assistance is expanding gradually. Not only the level of social assistance is improving continuously, the funding for social assistance is stable and reliable. Finally, the non-governmental organizations and the masses actively participate in the rural social assistance. However, because of the imperfections of the rural social assistance, and the complexity and the seriousness of the situation of rural poverty, the imbalance between supply and demand generally remained. From the appearance of view, thanks to the shortage of supply of the system and material of the rural social assistance from the state or government, which has brought about that the right of the social security of farm