十四、不冻泉移动冰丘及灾害效应.pdfVIP

十四、不冻泉移动冰丘及灾害效应 不冻泉移动冰丘发育于北东向断陷谷地北部，沿北东向隐伏断裂破碎带分布（吴珍汉等， 2004，2005 ）。2000-2001 年冬季，在青藏公路东部边缘形成小型椎状移动冰丘，直径约1.5m， 高约 80cm 。2001-2002 年冬季，在青藏公路西侧形成长条状冰幔，中心部位冰层厚度达 0.8-1.0m 。2003-2004 年冬季，在青藏公路东侧，沿BQF 断裂破碎带发育串珠状斜列分布的 移动冰丘群，单个冰丘形态呈椭圆形，轴向北东，长16-20m，宽6-9m，高1.2-2.5m；在冰 丘群西侧，青藏公路柏油路面还发生显著变形，形成北东走向、长百余米、宽 10-25cm 的 路面裂缝，属不冻泉断裂活动诱发不均匀冻胀产物。不冻泉移动冰丘对青藏公路产生了比较 显著的灾害效应。2001 年3 月移动冰丘穿刺公路路基，导致局部路基拱曲变形。2004 年3 月移动冰丘拱曲变形，导致公路西侧涵洞破裂，涵洞顶板向上隆起12-15cm，产生一定的灾 害效应。 PART 14 BUDONGQUAN MIGRATING PINGOS AND THEIR HAZARD EFFECTS Budongquan migrating pingos (BQP) form in Budongquan buried fault (BQF) of NE trending every winter and are thawed to become linear distributed springs in summer (Wu et al., 2004, 2005). BQP appeared as a small pingo with diameter of 1.5m and height of 0.8m in east margin of the Highway in March of 2001, and changed to clusters of larger pingos distributed in en-echelon pattern along BQF fault in winter between 2003 and 2004. Partially thawed pingos of BQP in March 2004 are 16-20m long, 6-9m wide and 1.2-2.5m high with elongation in NE direction, parallel to trending of BQF. And coupling between freezing and active faulting of BQF also resulted in heterogeneous deformation and fracture of 100m long and 10-25cm wide in the Highway in early 2004. Migrating pingo of BQP penetrated the Highway road in early 2001 and destructed culvert of the Highway in early 2004, giving rise to negative affect to transportation of the Golmud-Lhasa Highway. 图183 不冻泉活动断裂与移动冰丘分布图 图例说明：1-全新世冲积物；2-全新世洪积物；3-三叠系板岩；4- 隐伏活动断裂；5-2001 年3 月冰丘；6-2002 年2 月冰丘；7-2004 年3 月冰丘；8-等高线（m ） Fig.183 Sketch map of Budongquan active fault and migrating pingos. Explanation: 1-Holocene alluvial deposits; 2-Holocene fluvial deposits; 3-Triassic slate; 4-burie