十五、楚玛尔河移动冰丘及灾害效应.pdfVIP

十五、楚玛尔河移动冰丘及灾害效应 楚玛尔河移动冰丘沿平行河谷展布、近东西走向的楚玛尔河断裂发育，冰丘形成于冬季， 春季部分消融，夏季完全消融，部分冰丘消融后在河漫滩残留土丘（吴珍汉等，2004 ，2005 ）。 20 世纪80 年代晚期，楚玛尔河移动冰丘发育于楚玛尔河旧公路大桥附近；自20 世纪90 年 代以来，楚玛尔河移动冰丘沿隐伏断裂破碎带逐年向东移动，于2001-2002 年冬季移动至楚 玛尔河新公路大桥东侧、设计铁路线西侧，2003-2004 年冬季继续东移至楚玛尔河铁路大桥 东侧。根据2002 年2 月和2004 年3 月的野外观测资料，楚玛尔河移动冰丘总体呈近东西向 线性分布于河床和河漫滩；绝大部分冰丘呈椭圆形，长轴走向东西，长约 30-150m，宽约 10-50m；部分冰丘呈圆锥状，底部直径约15-40m；大部分移动冰丘高约1.5-2m，顶部发育 放射状分布的冰裂缝。在没有工程设施的地方，楚玛尔河移动冰丘仅在冬季和春季形成河床 和河漫滩的地表局部拱曲变形，不会产生显著的灾害效应。但当冰丘移动至工程建筑附近时， 则可能产生显著的灾害效应。如楚玛尔河旧公路大桥，桥梁中部西侧桥墩发生显著的西向倾 斜、向上隆起和严重扭裂，产生桥面显著塌陷，严重损坏桥梁结构，大幅度降低桥梁承重能 力，威胁运输安全，导致楚玛尔河旧公路大桥被迫报废。 PART 15 CHUMAERHE MIGRATING PINGO AND ITS HAZARD TO HIGHWAY BRIDGE The Chumaerhe migrating pingos (CHP) occurred in E-W trending river valley along the Chumaerhe fault (CHF). CHP pingos always form in winter, partly thawed in late spring, and completely thawed in summer with some residual domes remained in river valley. In late 1980s, CHP pingos occurred near the abandoned Chumaerhe highway bridge, migrated eastward year by year along the CHF to east of abandoned bridge, present highway bridge, west side of railway bridge and east side of railway bridge in late 1990s, 2001, early 2002 and early 2004 respectively. In February of 2002 and March of 2004, CHP pingos appeared in linear distribution in river valley along CHF buried fault. Most pingos are oval-shaped with E-W trending elongation, and the single one often appears as 30-150m long, 10-50m wide and 1.5-2m high with radial and circular fractures on top surface. Some pingos are circular cone in shape with base diameter is 15-40m. In sites where there were no engineering facilities, CHP migrating pingos only give rise to arching and doming of ground surface in winter and spring, and do not bring about notable hazard effect. Once the pingos migrated to engineering sites, they might pr