固体发光二极管技术及应用的概述.docVIP

译文 英文资料 LEDs—An Overview of the State of the Art in Technology and Application Stephen Johnson Lighting Research Group Building Technologies Department Environmental Energy Technologies Division Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley, California 94720 March 1, 2002 1 LEDs—An Overview of the State of the Art in Technology and Application Stephen Johnson Abstract Solid state lighting in the form of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is bringing new sources with different operating characteristics to the market. With the control in dimension, optics, intensity and color, these sources have the potential to transform the way we use light. This paper will review the recent improvements in performance that have been achieved by these devices, focusing on those product attributes identified as being critical to end users.The paper will conclude with a consideration of applications capitalizing on the LEDs unique operating and physical properties. Introduction Over the last hundred years electric lighting sources have undergone a series of technological transitions, from the carbon filament lamp to the currently ever present incandescent lamp, and then to the introduction of plasma discharge sources: the fluorescent lamp, high pressure sodium, metal halide and most recently sulfur lamps. Indeed,we are now at the beginning of a new era, with the introduction of Solid State light sources. The most advanced of these technologies is inorganic light emitting diodes, LEDs.LEDs were first introduced in the early 1960 s as indicator lights and 1 译文 they had an efficacy of a .01 lumens per watt.By the early 1980 s the red LEDs performance had increased to over 20 lumens per watt and most recently this technology has produced amber LEDs that, in the laboratory, had an efficacy greater than 100 lumens per watt.1 To complement the red and orange LEDs associated with gallium arsenide (GaAs) / gallium phosphide (GaP) technology