金属材料热膨胀系数经验公式的探讨 期刊.pdfVIP

金属材料热膨胀系数经验公式的探讨 郑国桢，林苗华，林德明 摘要：由双原子模型出发，着重考虑晶体振动势能的非谐项，推得金属热膨胀 的经验公式，α与金属的结合能、熔点和晶体结构有关.用它计算不同晶体结 构的50多种金属的Δα/α，平均百分比误差为±14.2%，如考虑原子的电子 结构与热膨胀关系，对过渡族、稀土族及一价、二价金属计算得平均误差为 ±12%.更加合理地反映热膨胀规律.还可用已知金属的结合能、熔点和晶体结 构参数对某些难以实测或测不准的热膨胀系数估计和校正. 关键词：金属材料；热膨胀系数；结合能；势能的非谐振项；熔点 中图分类号：O482.23；TG14 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 1007-7162(1999)03-0001-08 A Study on the Empirical Formula of the Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Metals 1 2 2 ZHENG Guo-zhen ，LIN Miao-hua ，LIN De-ming ( 1.Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,GDUT Guangzhou 510643,China ； 2.Dept.of Physics,Zhongshan University,Guangzhou 510275,China) Abstract ：An empirical formula of thermal expansion coefficient of metals “α” has been deduced by emphatically considering for anharmonic term in the potential energy of vibration of crystal according to diatomic model.The empirical formular has been used to caculate the Δα/ α of more than 50 kinds of metal ,and the mean percentage diviation is ±14.2%,as for the transition metals,the rare earths,the alkali and the alkaline earth metals,if thinking over the relationship between thermal expansion and electron stracture of atoms the mean percentage diviation of Δα/ α is ±12%,they are better than the previous literature record.Furthermore,it can be used to estimate and correct some metallic thermal expansion coefficients which are hard to measure or hard to measure exactly with some known data of cohesive energy,melting point and structure parameters of crystals. Key words ：metal material;thermal expansion coefficient;cohesive energy;anharmonitic term in the potential energy;melting point 热膨胀系数是金属材料最重要的基本性质之一，并已获得实际应用.研究 金属热膨胀系数的规律性，在理论和实践中，对选择和合理使用金属材料有很 大的意义. ［1］ 有关金属材料热膨胀的规律性，在上世纪Camelly 早就发现金属熔点与 膨胀系数的密切关