2014届高考英语一轮复习提分指南：语法 非谓语动词.docVIP

高考英语语法：非谓语动词 非谓语动词是指不充当谓语的动词形式, 主要有: 动词不定式, 分词(现在分词和过去分词), 动名词. 有关非谓语动词的概述参看 语法框架中 非谓语动词部分动词不定式一.形式: 动词不定式的一般式是to do, 另外还有一些变化形式如下表:主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doingX完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doingX二.动词不定式在句中的作用: 作主语, 宾语, 宾语补足语, 表语, 定语, 状语1.作主语:①.不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数a. To smoke is a bad habit.b. To know is one thing; to do is another.②.不定式做主语时, 通常将不定式后移, 而在其位置上用形式主语ita. It is polite to write to your host and say Thank you.b. It is the custom in France to shake hands a lot.2.作宾语:①.不定式通常作动词的宾语, 也能作少数介词的宾语a. We want to learn some body language.b. I don’t know what to do next.②.在but(除了) / except (除了)等少数介词的后面, 可以用带to的不定式作宾语, 但如果but / except前有实义动词do的某个形式时, 则but / except后的不定式省略toa. I had no choice but to work hard.b. There is nothing left to do but lie down and sleep.3.作宾补:①.跟不定式作宾补的动词常见的有: advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, get, force, invite, expect, order, permit, persuade, require, want, warn, teach, wish等a. Body language helps you to communicate with foreigners.b. Would you like me to help you?c. Do you want me to find out the phone number?②.有些及物动词(主要是感官动词和使役动词)后用不定式作宾补时, 不定式的符号to要省略, 这类及物动词如: let, make, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, watch, have等. 变成被动语态时, 省略的to要加出a. I heard him go downstairs very early that morning.b. The workers were made to work long hours by the boss.4.作表语a. Our work is to clean the windows.b. My advice is not to drink any more.5.作定语:①.不定式作定语时要后置a. Children, I have something to tell you.b. I am very busy; I have some letters to write.②.动词不定式作定语时, 其中的动词与被修饰词在逻辑上有主谓关系, 动宾关系或同位关系. 如果是动宾关系, 则要求不定式动词是及物的, 否则, 要在不定式动词后加上适当的介词a. He is always the first one to get up.b. Every morning she would bring him the papers to read.c. The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.6.作状语:①.不定式作状语时多表示目的, 原因, 结果等a. He got up very early to catch the first bus.b. We eat to live; we don’t live to eat.c. We woke up only to find everybody gone.d. We are glad to hear of your su