2014届高考英语二轮复习专题复习课件：专题十七《主旨大意》.pptVIP

高考命题视角 考场失分防范 专题知识清单 专题十七　主旨大意 角度1　文章或段落类主旨大意 从近几年全国考题来看，对于主旨大意的考查数量趋于平衡，每年都在2～3小题，但解题时需考生对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳和推断，这一点在未来高考中不会改变。 【典例】 Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle，twinkle，little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. (2012·课标，D) What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．People remember well what they learned in childhood. B．Children have a better memory than grown-ups. C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D．Stories for children are easy to remember. 解析　主旨大意题。本段的第一句话为主题句，可以概括本段主题，即人们通常会记得儿时学到的一些东西，下文主要对此进行举例说明。 答案　A 【知识链接】 “主题句定位法”是解答主旨大意题的一种行之有效的方法。有些文章有明确的主题句，这类文章寻找主题句时多采用浏览法(skimming)。浏览时，一般不用逐句细看，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句等，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。主题句的位置一般有以下几种： 1．主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是所谓的主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。 2．主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。 3．主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为常见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展。 4．主题句出现在文章的中间。通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由提问后陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。这种写法较为少见。 角度2　概括标题类主旨大意 【典例】 Harvard researchers have created a tough，low-cost，biodegradable(可生物降解的)material inspired by insects hard outer shells.The materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.The material，made from shrimp(虾)shells and proteins produced from silk，is called “shrilk.” It is thin，clear，flexible and strong. A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Plastics toughness and flexibility represente