19．Many newspapers printed the governor's statement______would support a tax cut. A．and he B．was that he C．which he D．that he 答案：D 本题题意：多数报纸刊登了州长的声明——他支持削减税收。that引导同位语从句具体说明了 statement 的内容。 20．They didn't know the result________they had passed the interview. A．if B．whether C．who D．what 答案：B 题意：他们不知道他们是否通过了面试。表示“是否”时，同位语从句用whether而不用if引导。 同位语 一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词(或起类似作用的其他形式)，对前者进一步说明它指的是谁，是什么等，那么这一部分就叫做同位语。同位语与被它补充说明的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 它可以是单词、短语或从句。 Ⅰ.同位语的表现形式 1．通常用逗号将同位语与其所修饰的先行词隔开， 表示一种普通的同位关系。 ①This is Mr. Black, director of our hospital. 这是布莱克先生，我们医院的院长。 ②She is a good teacher, the friend of yours. 她是一位好老师，也是你们的朋友。 2．有时也可用破折号或冒号引导同位语。用破折号，停顿较长，对同位语起强调的作用；用冒号，停顿最长，强调的作用更大。 ①The orphan's daily necessities——clothes, food, etc.——are supplied by a kind-hearted teacher. 这名孤儿的日常用品——衣服、食物等等——由一位好心肠的老师提供。 ②In a sense, nouns can be divided into two kinds: the countable noun and the uncountable noun. 在某种意义上，名词可分为两类：可数名词和不可数名词。 3．有时， 同位语之前带有引导词，表示同位成分之间的特殊意义。常见的同位语引导词有as, or, chiefly, especially, for example, for instance, in short, mainly, mostly, namely, that is, in particular, in other words, including, that is to say, such as, say, particularly, what, which, who, when, where, why, how, that, whether等。 ①Only one person can do the job, namely you. 只有一个人能做这项工作，那就是你。 ②You can buy fruit here, for example, oranges and bananas. 你可以在这里买水果，例如柑橘和香蕉。 4．另外，无需借用任何引导词或标点符号，而将同位语直接置于先行词之后。 ①I have the honor to introduce John's sister Jane to you. 我很荣幸地向你介绍简，约翰的妹妹。 ②Tom gave his friend John a book. 汤姆给了朋友约翰一本书。 Ⅱ.同位语的构成 1．名词(短语) George Bush, the present American president, was the governor of the state of Texas. 乔治·布什，美国的现任总统，曾是德克萨斯州的州长。 2．代词 I sympathize with you; I myself have had a similar unhappy experience. 我很同情你，我自己也有过类似的不幸遭遇。 3．数词 She is the oldest among the six. 她是她们六人中年龄最大的。 4．动名词短语 He enjoys the exercise, swimming in winter. 他喜爱冬泳这项运动。 5．不定式短语 There is one thing he'll never do——tell lies. 有一件事情他从来不做——撒谎。 6．形容词及其短语 All the countries, big or small, are equal. 国家
