浅论民事诉讼中的第三人程序保障机制.pdf

论民事诉讼中的第三人程序保障机制 摘 要 根据民事诉讼理论，民事判决的效力原则上只限于当事人，但 是由于当事人之间的民事权利义务关系往往与其他民事法律关系互 相制衡或牵连，为了保证纠纷实质有效地解决，并达到尽可能一次 性解决纠纷的目标，有时需要将判决效力扩张至与诉讼标的具有法 律上利害关系的第三人。然而，根据民事诉讼程序保障的基本原则， 民事判决对当事人产生拘束力的正当性基础在于当事人已被赋予了 相应的程序保障。因此，为了平衡纠纷一次性解决的需要与程序保 障基本原则之间的冲突，各国民事诉讼法都为那些可能为判决效力 所及的第三人提供了实现程序保障的途径。 本文以此为切入点，从理论和实务双向的视角，讨论了第三人 程序保障机制的理论基础及基本构造，将第三人程序保障机制分解 为事前程序保障与事后程序保障，并分别对第三人的事前程序保障、 事后程序保障做了外国法的比较考察。在此基础上，本文分析阐述 了我国当前的立法规定，及相关制度在实践中的运作情况，认为我 国现有的制度不足以为第三人提供充分的程序保障。本文最后认为， 我国应从第三人事前程序保障和事后程序保障两方面着手，构建系 统的第三人程序保障机制，一方面完善我国当前的无独立请求权第 三人制度，另一方面借鉴法国及我国台湾地区的立法规定构建第三 人撤销诉讼制度。 关键词：第三人,辅助参加,第三人引入诉讼,第三人撤销诉讼 PROCEDURAL PROTECTION MECHANISM FOR THE THIRD PARTY IN CIVIL PROCEDURE ABSTRACT In general, the effect of civil judgement is only between the litigants, however, the legal relation between the litigants may relates to some other legal relation, to resolve the disputes effectively and to resolve the relative disputes at one time, sometimes the effect of judgement needs to be expanded to some third party that have legal interest of the litigation. In accordance with the principle of procedural protection, civil judgements should only have effect on the litigants whose procedural rights have been safeguarded. Thus to balance the conflict between procedural protectionand one-off solution,various countries have provided some approaches to protect the procedural rights of the third party that the effect of civil judgement has expanded to. From this point, this article has analysed the theoretical basis and structure of the procedural protection mechanism for third party. The mechanism can be divided into the protection before judgment is formed and the protection after judgment is formed. This article respectively compares the the protection before judgment is formed and the protection after judgem