浅论合同中的信赖利益.pdfVIP

摘 要 关于信赖利益，通常认为：信赖利益（Vertrauensinteresse），指当事人相信法律 行为有效成立，而因某种事实的发生，该法律行为（尤其是契约）不成立，无效而产生 的损失，又称消极利益（Negative Interesse）的损害。英美法上，将信赖利益作为合 同损害赔偿可追求的三种主要目的之一。认为基于对被告允诺的信赖，原告改变了他的 处境，以在这种场合受保护的利益可叫作信赖利益（the reliance interest）。富勒 和他的学生帕迪尤发表的文章《合同损害赔偿中的信赖利益》，被认为是在契约法史上 具有里程碑的意义。在该文中，富勒通过对损害赔偿目的的认真研究，发现了隐身于现 实实定法契约责任背后的基础——信赖利益，并提出，如果原告基于被告允诺的信赖， 而改变了自己的处境，或者错过了订立其他合同的机会，那么就应该赔偿原告因信赖被 告的允诺而遭受的损害。这就打破了美国契约法上传统的损害赔偿原则，即“要么赔偿 期待利益，要么没有责任” ，为英美传统的契约法理论提供了另一种救济方式。本文通 过三部分对信赖利益进行了分析。首先简要概括了信赖利益分别在英美法和大陆法上的 发展，从而提出了笔者认为的信赖利益的内涵：即信赖利益在法律上应该理解为一种包 括损害和利益在内的利害关系，并且此中信赖应在个案理解成为合理信赖。随后论述了 信赖利益的赔偿和其三个构成要件。信赖利益的赔偿在滋生赔偿原则下应分为财产上损 害的赔偿和非财产上的损害赔偿。最后简要论述了信赖利益赔偿在中国合同法上的几种 类型。 关键词：信赖利益 合同 期待利益 损失 赔偿范围 1 Summary Generally speaking, the reliance interest is thought: The reliance interest, referring to parties believe the juristic act is established effectively, and the emergence because of a certain fact, this juristic act (especially agreement) is untenable, invalid and produces losses, which is called the harms of the passive interests (Negative Interest). Referring to the Anglo-American law system, it is regarded as one of the three types of main purposes, which can be pursued in contract compensation for damage to trust the interests. Because of trusting what the defendant promised, the plaintiff has changed his situation, which is called the reliance interest in the protected interests of this kind of occasion. In the article trust interests in contract compensation for damage, which was published by Fuller and his student Padre, is considered to be the meaning milestone in the history of contract law. In the article, leading to serious research in the compensation for damage purpose, it is stealthy making the foundation behind the agreement responsibility of the law truth in fact has been found – the reliance interest, and he proposes that if the plaintiff is on the